我国数据中心碳中和路径情景分析

周峰; 王芮敏; 马国远; 晏祥慧

doi:10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.079

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

我国数据中心碳中和路径情景分析

更新时间：2025-01-23

- 我国数据中心碳中和路径情景分析
- Scenario Analysis of Data Centers in China Under Carbon Neutrality Target
- 制冷学报 2025年46卷第1期页码：79-85
- 作者机构：
  
  北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系　北京　 100124
- 作者简介：
  
  周峰，男，校聘教授，北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系，13426312128，E-mail：zhoufeng@bjut.edu.cn。研究方向：制冷空调能源利用与环境控制技术，数据中心低碳节能技术，绿色建筑节能技术，相变传热与流动，制冷剂工质环保替代等。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(51776004)
- DOI：10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.079
  中图分类号： TP308;TK01;X322
- 收稿日期：2023-08-18，
  
  修回日期：2023-11-27，
  
  录用日期：2023-11-27，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-02-16
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
周峰, 王芮敏, 马国远, 等. 我国数据中心碳中和路径情景分析[J]. 制冷学报, 2025,46(1):79-85.

Zhou Feng, Wang Ruimin, Ma Guoyuan, et al. Scenario Analysis of Data Centers in China Under Carbon Neutrality Target[J]. Journal of refrigeration, 2025, 46(1): 79-85.
周峰, 王芮敏, 马国远, 等. 我国数据中心碳中和路径情景分析[J]. 制冷学报, 2025,46(1):79-85. DOI： 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.079.

Zhou Feng, Wang Ruimin, Ma Guoyuan, et al. Scenario Analysis of Data Centers in China Under Carbon Neutrality Target[J]. Journal of refrigeration, 2025, 46(1): 79-85. DOI： 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.079.

摘要

数据中心低碳转型减排对实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要意义。对全国数据中心总体情况进行对比分析，基于中国关键年份CO

排放和强度目标，引入能效提高率、非化石能源消费占比、负排放技术强度3个变量，采用情景分析法分析数据中心CO

排放总量。研究结果表明：数据中心的耗电量逐渐增加，而碳排放量呈先增加后降低的趋势，数据中心的电能利用效率（PUE）呈逐渐下降的趋势，3种情景的碳达峰时间均为2030年，碳中和的时间分别为2059、2057、2055年。展望2060年碳中和目标，数据中心行业应进一步提高能效利用率、提高非化石能源占比、加强碳捕集与封存技术创新和提升碳汇水平。

Abstract

The low-carbon transformation of data centers is highly significant for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. This study compared and analyzed the overall situation of data centers in China. Three variables—energy efficiency improvement rate

proportion of non-fossil energy—and negative emission technology intensity were introduced based on the CO

emission and intensity targets of China in key years

and the total CO

emissions of the data centers were projected via scenario analysis. The results demonstrated that the power consumption of the data centers increased gradually; the carbon emissions first increased and then decreased

and the power usage effectiveness (PUE) of the data centers decreased gradually. The carbon peak time of the three scenarios is 2030

and the expected times to achieve carbon neutrality are 2059

2057

and 2055 in the three scenarios. In light of the goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060

the data center industry should further improve the energy efficiency utilization rate

increase the proportion of non-fossil energy

strengthen the technological innovation of carbon capture and storage

and enhance the level of carbon sinks.

关键词

Keywords

references

探索构建双碳工作体系助力绿色数据中心建设与发展 [EB/OL ] . ( 2021-07-06 ) [ 2023-08-15 ] . https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/dWHTc_ggNWpDAUoen1EiGw https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/dWHTc_ggNWpDAUoen1EiGw .

( Explore the construction of a dual-carbon working system help the construction and development of green data centers [EB/OL ] . ( 2021-07-06 ) [ 2023-08-15 ] . https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/dWHTc_ggNWpDAUoen1EiGw https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/dWHTc_ggNWpDAUoen1EiGw .)

陈鹏 , 周兴 , 晏佳惠 . 碳中和背景下我国数据中心发展模式探索 [J ] . 科技广场 , 2021 ( 5 ): 48 - 56 .

( CHEN Peng , ZHOU Xing , YAN Jiahui . An exploration of data center development models in China in the context of carbon neutrality [J ] . Science Mosaic , 2021 ( 5 ): 48 - 56 .)

陈焕新 , 张丽 , 程亨达 . 制冷、大数据、元宇宙漫谈 [J ] . 制冷学报 , 2023 , 44 ( 2 ): 28 - 38 .

( CHEN Huanxin , ZHANG Li , CHENG Hengda . Exploring the nexus of refrigeration, big data, and metaverse [J ] . Journal of Refrigeration , 2023 , 44 ( 2 ): 28 - 38 .)

中国电子技术标准化研究院 . 《绿色数据中心白皮书(2019)》 [R/OL ] . ( 2019-05-16 ) [ 2023-08-15 ] . http://www.ictlce.com/?p=584 http://www.ictlce.com/?p=584 .

( China Electronics Standardization Institute . Green data centers (2019) [R/OL ] . ( 2019-05-16 ) [ 2023-08-15 ] . http://www.ictlce.com/?p=584 http://www.ictlce.com/?p=584 .)

舒印彪 , 张丽英 , 张运洲 , 等 . 我国电力碳达峰、碳中和路径研究 [J ] . 中国工程科学 , 2021 , 23 ( 6 ): 1 - 14 .

( SHU Yinbiao , ZHANG Liying , ZHANG Yunzhou , et al . Carbon peak and carbon neutrality path for China′s power industry [J ] . Strategic Study of CAE , 2021 , 23 ( 6 ): 1 - 14 .)

张军华 , 刘宇 . 碳达峰碳中和目标下数据中心绿色低碳发展策略 [J ] . 信息技术与标准化 , 2021 ( 12 ): 7 - 12 .

( ZHANG Junhua , LIU Yu . Green and low-carbon development strategy of data center under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals [J ] . Information Technology & Standardization , 2021 ( 12 ): 7 - 12 .)

余碧莹 , 赵光普 , 安润颖 , 等 . 碳中和目标下中国碳排放路径研究 [J ] . 北京理工大学学报(社会科学版) , 2021 , 23 ( 2 ): 17 - 24 .

( YU Biying , ZHAO Guangpu , AN Runying , et al . Research on China′s CO 2 emission pathway under carbon neutral target [J ] . Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology (Social Sciences Edition) , 2021 , 23 ( 2 ): 17 - 24 .)

王灿 , 孙若水 , 张九天 . 中国实现碳中和的支撑技术与路径 [J ] . China Economist , 2021 , 16 ( 5 ): 32 - 70 .

( WANG Can , SUN Ruoshui , ZHANG Jiutian . Supportive technologies and roadmap for China′s carbon neutrality [J ] . China Economist , 2021 , 16 ( 5 ): 32 - 70 .)

李晖 , 刘栋 , 姚丹阳 . 面向碳达峰碳中和目标的我国电力系统发展研判 [J ] . 中国电机工程学报 , 2021 , 41 ( 18 ): 6245 - 6258 .

( LI Hui , LIU Dong , YAO Danyang . Analysis and reflection on the development of power system towards the goal of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality [J ] . Proceedings of the CSEE , 2021 , 41 ( 18 ): 6245 - 6258 .)

中国信息通信研究院 . 数据中心白皮书(2022年) [R/OL ] . ( 2022-04-22 ) [ 2023-08-15 ] . http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/bps/202204/t20220422_400391.htm http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/bps/202204/t20220422_400391.htm .

( China Academy of Information and Communications Technology . White book on data centers (2022) [R/OL ] . ( 2022-04-22 ) [ 2023-08-15 ] . http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/bps/202204/t20220422_400391.htm http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/bps/202204/t20220422_400391.htm .)

绿色和平 , 华北电力大学 . 《点亮绿色云端：中国数据中心能耗与可再生能源使用潜力研究》 [R/OL ] . ( 2019-09-17 ) [ 2023-08-15 ] . https://www.greenpeace.org.cn/2019/09/09/china-data-center-electri-cityconsumption-and-renewable-energy/ https://www.greenpeace.org.cn/2019/09/09/china-data-center-electri-cityconsumption-and-renewable-energy/ .

( Greenpeace , North China Electric Power University . Lighting the green cloud: research on energy consumption and renewable energy utilization potential of China′s data centers [R/OL ] . ( 2019-09-17 ) [ 2023-08-15 ] . https://www.greenpeace.org.cn/2019/09/09/china-data-center-electri-city-consumption-and-renewable-energy/ https://www.greenpeace.org.cn/2019/09/09/china-data-center-electri-city-consumption-and-renewable-energy/ .)

程亨达 , 陈焕新 , 邵双全 , 等 . 数据中心冷却系统的综合COP评价 [J ] . 制冷学报 , 2020 , 41 ( 6 ): 77 - 84 .

( CHENG Hengda , CHEN Huanxin , SHAO Shuangquan , et al . Comprehensive COP evaluation system for energy efficiency of data center cooling system [J ] . Journal of Refrigeration , 2020 , 41 ( 6 ): 77 - 84 .)

《贯彻落实碳达峰碳中和目标要求推动数据中心和5G等新型基础设施绿色高质量发展实施方案》 [EB/OL ] . ( 2021-10-30 ) [ 2023-08-18 ] . https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/202112/t20211208_1307104.html?state=123 https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/202112/t20211208_1307104.html?state=123 .

( Implementation plan for implementing the requirements of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets to promote green and high-quality development of data centers and new infrastructure such as 5G [EB/OL ] . ( 2021-10-30 ) [ 2023-08-18 ] . https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/202112/t20211208_1307104.html?state=123 https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/202112/t20211208_1307104.html?state=123 .)

龙惟定 , 梁浩 . 我国城市建筑碳达峰与碳中和路径探讨 [J ] . 暖通空调 , 2021 , 51 ( 4 ): 1 - 17 .

( LONG Weiding , LIANG Hao . Discussion on paths of carbon peak and carbon neutrality of urban buildings in China [J ] . Journal of HV&AC , 2021 , 51 ( 4 ): 1 - 17 .)

生态环境部办公厅 . 《关于做好2022年企业温室气体排放报告管理相关重点工作的通知》 [EB/OL ] . ( 2022-03-15 ) [ 2023-08-15 ] . https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk06/202203/t20220315_971468.html https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk06/202203/t20220315_971468.html .

( General Office of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment . Notice on the key work related to the management of greenhouse gas emission report in 2022 [EB/OL ] . ( 2022-03-15 ) [ 2023-08-15 ] . https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk06/202203/t20220315_971468.html https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk06/202203/t20220315_971468.html .)

黄翔 , 傅耀玮 , 寇凡 . 数据中心间接蒸发冷却空调机组二/一次风量比 [J ] . 西安工程大学学报 , 2022 , 36 ( 4 ): 34 - 39 .

( HUANG Xiang , FU Yaowei , KOU Fan . Secondary/primary air volume ratio of indirect evaporative cooling air conditioning unit in data center [J ] . Journal of Xi′an Polytechnic University , 2022 , 36 ( 4 ): 34 - 39 .)

周峰 , 申超亚 , 马国远 , 等 . 数据中心混合工质氟泵自然冷却系统性能分析 [J ] . 西安工程大学学报 , 2022 , 36 ( 4 ): 40 - 46 .

( ZHOU Feng , SHEN Chaoya , MA Guoyuan , et al . Thermal performance of refrigerant pump-driven free cooling system for data centers with mixed refrigerant [J ] . Journal of Xi′an Polytechnic University , 2022 , 36 ( 4 ): 40 - 46 .)

《“十四五”现代能源体系规划》 [EB/OL ] . ( 2022-01-29 ) [ 2023-08-15 ] . https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/ghwb/202203/t20220322_1320016.html?state=123&code=&state=123 https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/ghwb/202203/t20220322_1320016.html?state=123&code=&state=123 .

( 14th Five-Year Plan for modern energy system [EB/OL ] . ( 2022-01-29 ) [ 2023-08-15 ] . https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/ghwb/202203/t20220322_1320016.html?state=123&code=&state=123 https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/ghwb/202203/t20220322_1320016.html?state=123&code=&state=123 .)

张希良 , 黄晓丹 , 张达 , 等 . 碳中和目标下的能源经济转型路径与政策研究 [J ] . 管理世界 , 2022 , 38 ( 1 ): 35 - 51 .

( ZHANG Xiliang , HUANG Xiaodan , ZHANG Da , et al . Research on the transformation path and policy of energy economy under the target of carbon neutralization [J ] . Management World , 2022 , 38 ( 1 ): 35 - 51 .)

李继峰 , 郭焦锋 , 高世楫 , 等 . 我国实现2060年前碳中和目标的路径分析 [J ] . 发展研究 , 2021 , 38 ( 4 ): 37 - 47 .

( LI Jifeng , GUO Jiaofeng , GAO Shiji , et al . Path analysis of China′s goal of carbon neutrality by 2060 [J ] . Development Research , 2021 , 38 ( 4 ): 37 - 47 .)

项目综合报告编写组 . 《中国长期低碳发展战略与转型路径研究》综合报告 [J ] . 中国人口·资源与环境 , 2020 , 30 ( 11 ): 1 - 25 .

( Project comprehensive report wri-ting group . Comprehensive report on China′s long-term low-carbon development strategy and transformation path [J ] . China Population, Resources and Environment , 2020 , 30 ( 11 ): 1 - 25 .)

WANG Jing , FENG Liang , PALMER P I , et al . Large Chinese land carbon sink estimated from atmospheric carbon dioxide data [J ] . Nature , 2020 , 586 : 720 - 723 .

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

我国数据中心碳中和路径情景分析

基于机械过冷的双温蒸发CO₂数据中心冷却供热系统性能

面向小型数据中心余热供暖的水源热泵系统负荷特性分析

高热流液冷服务器相变工质的研究及应用进展

背板式风冷机柜冷却能力分析