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欧美HFCs配额制度分析及启示
Analysis and Implications of the Hydrofluorocarbon Allowance Allocation Systems in the European Union and the United States
- 默认刊物名称 2025年
- 作者机构：
1.生态环境部环境与经济政策研究中心,北京市北京市100029
2.中国制冷学会,北京市北京市100142
- 作者简介：
[ "李丽平，女，正高级工程师，生态环境部环境与经济政策研究中心，13520659761， 。研究方向：减污降碳协同、全球环境政策、应对气候变化。" ]
- 基金信息：生态环境部生态环境国际合作与交流项目(2110106);能源基金会资助项目(G-2411-36033)
DOI：
中图分类号： X32;X50收稿日期：2025-02-21，
修回日期：2025-04-11，
录用日期：2025-04-15，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘金淼, 张彬, 李丽平, 等. 欧美HFCs配额制度分析及启示[J/OL]. 默认刊物名称, 2025.
LIU Jinmiao, ZHANG Bin, LI Liping, et al. Analysis and Implications of the Hydrofluorocarbon Allowance Allocation Systems in the European Union and the United States[J/OL]. Moren journal, 2025.
摘要
本文系统研究了欧盟和美国HFCs配额管理制度与实践经验，重点分析了欧美HFCs管控思路、HFCs配额分配机制和核算规则，并对比了两者的制度特点。研究结果表明，欧美在HFCs管控中均注重协同推进《基加利修正案》履约与气候中和目标的实现，通过经济手段和市场机制促进HFCs削减。其中，欧盟率先采用付费配额模式，强化市场约束；美国则采用免费配额和配额转让抵消相结合的模式，灵活运用市场工具。此外，两者均建立了基于物质GWP值的配额核算方法，美国还专门开发了HFCs配额分配的工具箱。我国自2024年起对HFCs实施配额许可管理，欧美HFCs配额制定经验可为我国《基加利修正案》履约提供一定参考。
Abstract
While hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) do not deplete the stratospheric ozone layer
some of them have high GWPs ranging from 12 to 14
000
these chemicals are now widespread in air conditioners
refrigerators
aerosols
foams and other products. This article systematically studies HFCs allowance allocation systems and practical experiences of the European Union and the United States
with a focus on the analysis of the HFCs control ideas
quota allocation mechanisms and calculation rules in the EU and the US
as well as the characteristics of the two systems. It has been found that both the EU and the US have adopted synergistic approaches to protect the ozone layer and address climate change
jointly promoting the implementation of the Kigali Amendment and the achievement of climate neutrality goals
reducing HFCs through economic measures and market mechanisms. Specifically
the EU was the first to adopt paid quotas
strengthening market constraints
while the US uses free quotas with a quota transfer offset system
flexibly utilizing market tools. Additionally
both of them have established quota accounting methods based on the global warming potential (GWP) values of substances
and the US has specifically developed a toolbox for HFCs quota allocation. China has implemented the HFCs quota licensing system since 2024
the experiences of the HFCs allowance allocation systems in the EU and the US can provide references for China's compliance with the Kigali Amendment.
关键词
Keywords
references
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