Journal of Refrigeration
ISSN (online) 2097-650X
ISSN (print) 0253-4339
CN 11-2182/TB
Superintended:China Association for Science and Technology
Sponsored:Chinese Association of Refrigeration
Published:Journal of Refrigeration Magazines Agency Co., Ltd.
Quick Entry
Author
Reviewers
Editors
Subscription
- Latest Articles
- Online First
- Archive
2026年第47卷第5期
- 摘要：Under the backdrop of the "dual carbon" strategy， the efficient cascade utilization of liquefied natural gas （LNG） cold energy plays a critical role in facilitating the low-carbon transition of the energy structure and promoting resource recycling. This study systematically reviews the technological progress， application scenarios， and future challenges. Based on a technology maturity assessment framework， comprehensive cold-energy utilization schemes used in different scenarios are proposed. Current research indicates that the cold energy released during LNG regasification can be efficiently recovered through cascade utilization across three temperature ranges， i.e.， deep cryogenic （-162 ℃ to -100 ℃）， mid-cryogenic （-100 ℃ to -50 ℃）， and low cryogenic （-50 ℃ to 0 ℃）. Current mainstream technologies include cold-energy power generation， air separation， freezing/cold storage， and CO2 capture. Among these， air separation has the highest maturity （TRL9）， with large-scale applications achieved in multiple domestic receiving terminals. Cold-energy power generation （TRL8） has significantly improved the efficiency through combined cycle optimization； however， the challenges remain in terms of the system complexity and stability. It is found that the LNG cold-energy utilization rate in China is generally low and is primarily constrained by significant volatility， an uneven spatiotemporal distribution， weak process coupling， and insufficient industrial chain coordination. Future efforts should be focused on three key directions： optimizing the construction layout by establishing the industrial parks for onsite cold-energy consumption， constructing a comprehensive evaluation system to promote the efficient cascade utilization of cold energy with multimode collaboration， and enhancing the flexibility and stability of cold-energy utilization by developing energy-storage systems. This study provides recommendations and guidances for the technological optimization and industrial development of LNG cold-energy cascade utilization.关键词：LNG cold energy;cascade utilization;technology readiness level （TRL）;application scenarios697|2831|0更新时间：2026-10-13
- 摘要：This study performs multiple simultaneous fault （MSF） experiments on refrigeration and air-conditioning systems， including refrigerant undercharge （RU）， refrigerant overcharge （RO）， condenser fouling （CF）， and evaporator fouling （EF）， under conditions that include various combinations of fault types and severity levels. Fault-decoupling models based on the virtual refrigerant charge and virtual airflow rate are evaluated. In addition， a Bayesian classification-based approach for establishing fault-decoupling thresholds is proposed， and the decoupling accuracy under different double- and triple-fault combinations is quantitatively assessed. The results demonstrate that RU and RO should be decoupled separately to achieve a decoupling accuracy of 100%. However， the practical application of mixed models often leads to misdiagnoses. The virtual airflow rate model achieved a decoupling accuracy exceeding 94.38% for single faults and MSFs related to CF and EF. However， it failed to distinguish specific fault severity levels. Further， under severe RU conditions， two-phase refrigerant at heat exchanger outlets significantly impacted working fluid parameters， leading to the failure of decoupling fouling faults. Moreover， RO increased the condensation temperature and widened the temperature differential between fluids inside and outside the heat exchangers， resulting in larger calculation errors for the virtual airflow rate and a substantially reduced decoupling accuracy.关键词：refrigeration and air conditioning;concurrent faults;virtual sensor;Bayesian classification;fault decoupling131|801|0更新时间：2026-10-13
- 摘要：Efficient fault diagnosis of metro train air-conditioning systems is essential for reducing energy consumption and ensuring passenger comfort. This paper proposes an unsupervised transfer learning method based on a domain-adversarial neural network （DANN） to address the challenges involving diverse feature distributions and complex faults. Data obtained from three single faults （condenser fouling， ventilation fouling， and refrigerant leakage） and their concurrent combinations are collected from a multifunctional test vehicle under various operating conditions and compressor frequencies. The DANN achieved accuracy values ranging from 97.30%-98.90% for single faults and 77.80%-86.70% for concurrent faults. Uniform manifold approximation and projection （UMAP） and SHapley Additive exPlanations （SHAP） analyses revealed the underlying reasons for the less accurate concurrent fault diagnosis. Compared with the two baseline transfer learning models， DANN exhibited markedly smaller performance fluctuations， maintaining high accuracy， even under large feature distribution shifts and overlapping concurrent fault features.关键词：subway air conditioning;fault diagnosis;transfer learning;domain-adversarial neural network132|822|0更新时间：2026-10-13
- 摘要：Refrigerant leakage from a refrigeration system not only degrades the system performance and increases the energy consumption， but aggravates environmental hazards and safety risks because of the high global warming potential or flammability of many refrigerants. Therefore， fast and accurate methods are required to detect and rectify refrigerant leaks. This study focuses on a domestic air-conditioning refrigeration system with a cooling capacity of 3.5 kW. Using simulation methods， the dynamic evolution laws of the key node parameters of each component and the system performance parameters under different leakage rates are analyzed quantitatively. Based on the findings， a prediction model of refrigerant inventory is developed for the key components. This model， integrated with the operational data， provides a new leakage detection and diagnosis method based on system modeling. This method aims to evaluate the severity of leakage using a small amount of leakage data. The developed inventory prediction equation of refrigerant charge maintains the prediction uncertainty within ±5% when the leakage rate is below 12%.关键词：refrigerant leakage;refrigerant inventory;refrigeration system;leakage detection179|197|0更新时间：2026-10-13
- 摘要：To achieve the efficient recovery and utilization of low-grade waste heat from data centers， this study systematically investigates the adsorption-desorption characteristics and refrigeration performances of the PbCl2 composite adsorbent -NH3， and establishes a novel system-scale kinetic model. The results indicate that at an ambient temperature of 30 ℃， the PbCl2 adsorbent achieves a cyclic adsorption capacity of 0.295 g/g at 52 ℃， with effective adsorption observed within the evaporating temperature range of 10 ℃ to 25 ℃. The coefficient of performance （COP） of the system increases from 0.26 to 0.44 with the increase of evaporating temperature. There is an optimal range for the desorption temperature， and the comprehensive performance is optimized at 48 ℃. With respect to kinetic modeling， although the pseudo-second-order model adequately described the adsorption process， it exhibited substantial fitting errors during desorption. While the Sigmoid model better captures the typical unimodal kinetic behavior， it lacks the accuracy when describing the variations of initial rate. In contrast， the newly proposed model of incomplete Gamma function， which has a flexibly adjustable shape factor and time-scale coefficient， can control the curve morphology and tailing behavior， achieving goodness of fit values of 99.1% and 97.3% for the adsorption and desorption processes， respectively. This model can accurately characterize the entire kinetic process， effectively overcoming the shortcomings of traditional models， such as large parameter fluctuation， complex calculation， and poor adaptability at the system scale. The proposed model provides theoretical support for the modeling optimization and engineering application of low-temperature adsorption refrigeration systems.关键词：data center waste heat;adsorption refrigeration;PbCl2 composite adsorbent;kinetic model;Gamma function131|412|0更新时间：2026-10-13
- 摘要：To address the common problems associated with traditional chemisorption sorbents， including their loose structure， lack of effective heat and mass transfer pathways， and poor cycling stability， this study developed a novel graphene-based composite sorbent. By embedding strontium chloride （SrCl2） into a three-dimensionally interconnected graphene network， continuous and efficient channels for heat conduction and mass transfer were constructed， significantly enhancing the sorbent's cycling stability and thermophysical transfer performance. The composite sorbent achieved a high ammonia uptake， of 0.577 g/g， at an evaporation temperature of -10 ℃， reaching 84.1% of the theoretical value. The specific cold storage capacity reached 639.89 kJ/kg， which is 1.9 times that of ice storage. Under a desorption condition driven by a 90 ℃ heat source， the ammonia desorption capacity reached 0.572 g/g. In isobaric desorption experiments that simulates hot water supplied by a non-concentrated solar collector， over 90% of the cold storage process was completed within 4 h of stable sunlight. The proposed graphene-based composite sorbent demonstrated excellent performance in terms of both energy storage density and cyclic stability， thus providing solid technical support for engineering applications of solar-driven chemisorption cold storage systems.关键词：sorption cold energy storage;solar energy;composite sorbent;energy storage density;constant pressure desorption206|616|0更新时间：2026-10-13
查看更多
- Virtual Special Issue
- Special Column
- Video
High Temperature Heat Pump Technology
2 Jul 2026
Microchannel Heat Transfer Technology
12 Jan 2026
Thermoelectric Refrigeration Technology
22 Aug 2025
Cryogenic Technology
3 Mar 2025
Compressor Technology
20 2024
- Address：10/F, Yindu Mansion, 67 Fucheng Road, Haidian Dist, Beijing, China Postal code：100142
- Tel：010-68711412 Email：editor@car.org.cn
- Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09064830号-19
京公网安备11010802024621 - It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
- Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.
0