Performance Evaluation of Suppression Structure for Superfluid Helium Film Flow at the Exit of Dilution Refrigerator Still Chamber

Li Zhiheng; Cheng Weijun; Shi Wenhua; Wang Yanan; Zhang Peng; Dai Wei

doi:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20241113003

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Performance Evaluation of Suppression Structure for Superfluid Helium Film Flow at the Exit of Dilution Refrigerator Still Chamber

更新时间：2026-03-30

- Performance Evaluation of Suppression Structure for Superfluid Helium Film Flow at the Exit of Dilution Refrigerator Still Chamber
- Journal of Refrigeration Vol. 47, Issue 2, Pages: 20-25(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院低温工程学重点实验室中国科学院理化技术研究所北京 100190
  2. 中国科学院大学北京 100049
  3. 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所苏州 215123
  4. 上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所上海 200240
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2203400);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52176027)
- DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20241113003
  CLC： TB661;TB61⁺1;TB651
- CSTR：XXXXX.XX.XXX.20241113003
- Received：13 November 2024，
  
  Revised：2024-12-11，
  
  Accepted：12 December 2024，
  
  Published：16 April 2026
- 稿件说明：
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李志恒,程维军,时文华等.稀释制冷机蒸馏室出口超流氦爬膜抑制结构的性能评估[J].制冷学报,2026,47(02):20-25.

Li Zhiheng,Cheng Weijun,Shi Wenhua,et al.Performance Evaluation of Suppression Structure for Superfluid Helium Film Flow at the Exit of Dilution Refrigerator Still Chamber[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2026,47(02):20-25.
李志恒,程维军,时文华等.稀释制冷机蒸馏室出口超流氦爬膜抑制结构的性能评估[J].制冷学报,2026,47(02):20-25. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20241113003. CSTR： XXXXX.XX.XXX.20241113003.

Li Zhiheng,Cheng Weijun,Shi Wenhua,et al.Performance Evaluation of Suppression Structure for Superfluid Helium Film Flow at the Exit of Dilution Refrigerator Still Chamber[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2026,47(02):20-25. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20241113003. CSTR： XXXXX.XX.XXX.20241113003.

摘要

超流氦（

He）由于其量子特性，在极低温下会产生超常热导效应、喷泉效应和爬膜效应等特殊现象。稀释制冷机以

He作为循环工质，

He在混合室穿过相界面产生制冷效果，在蒸馏室蒸发后由室温泵组抽出。蒸馏室内部的超流氦会在壁面上形成液膜并向高温处流动，其超常的热导率会使蒸馏室漏热较大，并且超流氦液膜在蒸发后会影响循环过程中

He的纯度，进而影响稀释制冷的制冷量。“刀口”和“小孔”结构是限制超流氦爬膜的主要方式。通过计算分析了循环工质

He的纯度对稀释制冷机制冷量的影响以及“小孔”的大小对系统

He循环流量的限制，通过实验测试了在0.95 K时分别设置“小孔”和“刀口+小孔”时超流氦爬膜的质量流量，使用“刀口+小孔”比单独使用“小孔”超流氦爬膜抑制效果提升约35.6%。

Abstract

Superfluid helium （

He） exhibits special phenomena such as anomalous thermal conduction

fountain

and crawling film effects at sub-Kelvin temperatures owing to its quantum properties. Dilution refrigerators utilize

He as the working fluid for circulation.

He produces cooling effects as it passes through the phase interface in the mixing chamber. It is then pumped out by a room-temperature pump after evaporation in the still chamber. The superfluid helium inside the still chamber forms a liquid film on the wall and flows toward higher temperatures. This results in significant heat leakage owing to its anomalous thermal conductivity. The superfluid helium liquid fil

m also affects the purity of

He during the circulation process

thereby influencing the cooling capacity of the dilution refrigerator. The “knife-edge” and “small orifice” structures are the primary means for suppressing superfluid helium films. This study analyzed the impact of the purity of the working fluid

He on the cooling capacity of the dilution refrigerator and the limitation placed on the system's

He circulation flow rate by the size of the “small orifice”. Experimental tests were conducted to measure the mass flow rate of the superfluid helium crawling film at 0.95 K with two types of suppression structures: “small orifice” and “knife-edge with small orifice”. The use of “knife-edge with small orifice” resulted in a 35.6% improvement in the suppression effect of the superfluid helium crawling film compared with the use of “small orifice” alone.

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