Simulation Analysis and Experimental Study on Substituting R134a with R290 in Electric Vehicle Compressors

Chen Jianhong; Tao Leren; Huang Lihao; Wang Xiaofei; Li Xingjiang; Chen Haonan

doi:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20241024002

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Simulation Analysis and Experimental Study on Substituting R134a with R290 in Electric Vehicle Compressors

更新时间：2026-03-30

- Simulation Analysis and Experimental Study on Substituting R134a with R290 in Electric Vehicle Compressors
- Journal of Refrigeration Vol. 47, Issue 2, Pages: 43-50(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.上海理工大学制冷及低温工程研究所上海 200093
  2. 上海市动力工程多相流动与传热重点实验室上海 200093
  3. 浙江中广电器集团股份有限公司丽水 323010
  4. 上海理工大学环境与建筑学院上海 200093
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52006147)
- DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20241024002
  CLC： TB652;U469.72
- CSTR：XXXXX.XX.XXX.20241024002
- Received：24 October 2024，
  
  Revised：2024-11-18，
  
  Accepted：11 December 2024，
  
  Published：16 April 2026
- 稿件说明：
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陈建红,陶乐仁,黄理浩等.R290替代R134a新能源汽车压缩机仿真分析和实验研究[J].制冷学报,2026,47(02):43-50.

Chen Jianhong,Tao Leren,Huang Lihao,et al.Simulation Analysis and Experimental Study on Substituting R134a with R290 in Electric Vehicle Compressors[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2026,47(02):43-50.
陈建红,陶乐仁,黄理浩等.R290替代R134a新能源汽车压缩机仿真分析和实验研究[J].制冷学报,2026,47(02):43-50. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20241024002. CSTR： XXXXX.XX.XXX.20241024002.

Chen Jianhong,Tao Leren,Huang Lihao,et al.Simulation Analysis and Experimental Study on Substituting R134a with R290 in Electric Vehicle Compressors[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2026,47(02):43-50. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20241024002. CSTR： XXXXX.XX.XXX.20241024002.

摘要

由于新能源汽车的驱动方式与传统汽车不同，新能源汽车的电力来源方式可以多样化。由于制冷剂R290的全球变暖潜值（GWP）和臭氧损耗潜值（ODP）比R134a低，R290已成为新能源汽车空调发展的重要选择之一。通过搭建一套新能源汽车空调压缩机性能测试系统，针对不同的蒸发温度、冷凝温度、压缩机转速等，研究了不同工况下2种制冷剂R134a和R290的压缩机性能，并分析了2种制冷剂的仿真预测值和实验值的变化。结果表明：冷凝温度对R290和R134a压缩机的功率影响较大，冷凝温度上升1 ℃，压缩机功率约增加3%；蒸发温度对R290和R134a压缩机的功率影响较小，蒸发温度上升1 ℃，压缩机功率降低约0.3%。仿真模型对R134a及R290的压缩机功率预测误差分别为5%和10%。在相同的温差条件下，R290比R134a的压缩机性能有显著提高，等熵效率高10%~15%，容积效率高6%~9%。在相同的压比工况下，R290与R134a的压缩机性能相近。在变速压缩机的测试过程中，R290和R134a的压缩机性能随着转速的变化趋势基本一致。但半经验的仿真模型对变速压缩机的适用性还需要进一步优化，特别是在高转速时还需要考虑其他因素的影响。

Abstract

Because the driving method of electric vehicles differs from that of conventional ones， the power sources of electric vehicles can be diversified. The Global Warming Potential （GWP） and ozone depletion potential （ODP） values of the refrigerant R290 are lower than those of R134a. Consequently， R290 has become an important option for electric vehicle air-conditioners. In this study， an electric vehicle air-conditioning compressor test system was set up to study the compressor performance of two refrigerants （R134a and R290） under variable evaporating temperatures， condensing temperatures， and compressor speeds. The simulated and experimental values for the two refrigerants were also analyzed. The results reveal that the condensing temperature significantly affected the compressor powers of R134a and R290. As the condensing temperature increased by 1 ℃， the compressor power increased by ~3%. The evaporating temperature had a smaller effect on the compressor powers of R134a and R290： as the evaporating temperature increased by 1 ℃， the compressor power decreased by ~0.3%. The prediction errors of compressor power for R134a and R290 were approximately 5% and 10%， respectively. For the same temperature difference， the compressor performance of R290 was significantly better than that of R134a. Furthermore， the isentropic and volumetric efficiencies of R290 were 10%-15% and 6%-9% higher， respectively. At the same pressure ratio， the compressor performance of R290 was similar to that of R134a. In addition， the compressor performances of R290 and R134a were essentially the same at different compressor speeds. However， further optimization is necessary for the applicability of semi-empirical simulation models in variable-speed compressors， particularly at high compressor speeds.

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