Analysis and Implications of the Hydrofluorocarbon Allowance Allocation Systems in the European Union and United States

Liu Jinmiao; Zhang Bin; Li Liping; Fan Wei

doi:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250221002

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Analysis and Implications of the Hydrofluorocarbon Allowance Allocation Systems in the European Union and United States

更新时间：2026-03-30

- Analysis and Implications of the Hydrofluorocarbon Allowance Allocation Systems in the European Union and United States
- Journal of Refrigeration Vol. 47, Issue 2, Pages: 12-19(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.生态环境部环境与经济政策研究中心北京 100029
  2. 中国制冷学会北京 100142
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250221002
  CLC： X32;X50;TB64
- CSTR：XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250221002
- Received：21 February 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-04-11，
  
  Accepted：15 April 2025，
  
  Published：16 April 2026
- 稿件说明：
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刘金淼,张彬,李丽平等.欧美HFCs配额制度分析及启示[J].制冷学报,2026,47(02):12-19.

Liu Jinmiao,Zhang Bin,Li Liping,et al.Analysis and Implications of the Hydrofluorocarbon Allowance Allocation Systems in the European Union and United States[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2026,47(02):12-19.
刘金淼,张彬,李丽平等.欧美HFCs配额制度分析及启示[J].制冷学报,2026,47(02):12-19. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250221002. CSTR： XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250221002.

Liu Jinmiao,Zhang Bin,Li Liping,et al.Analysis and Implications of the Hydrofluorocarbon Allowance Allocation Systems in the European Union and United States[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2026,47(02):12-19. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250221002. CSTR： XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250221002.

摘要

系统研究了欧盟和美国HFCs配额管理制度与实践经验，重点分析了欧美HFCs管控思路、HFCs配额分配机制和核算规则，并对比了两者的制度特点。研究结果表明：欧美在HFCs管控中均注重协同推进《基加利修正案》履约与气候中和目标的实现，通过经济手段和市场机制促进HFCs削减。其中，欧盟率先采用付费配额模式，强化市场约束；美国则采用免费配额和配额转让抵消相结合的模式，灵活运用市场工具。此外，两者均建立了基于物质GWP值的配额核算方法，美国还专门开发了HFCs配额分配的工具箱。我国自2024年起对HFCs实施配额许可管理，欧美HFCs配额制定经验可为我国《基加利修正案》履约提供一定参考。

Abstract

Although hydrofluorocarbons （HFCs） do not deplete the stratospheric ozone layer， a few of these have high Global Warming Potentials （GWPs） ranging from 12 to 14 000. At present， these chemicals are widespread in air conditioners， refrigerators， aerosols， foams， and other products. This study systematically analyzed HFC allowance allocation systems and the practical experiences from the European Union and United States. The focus is on analyzing HFC control concepts， quota allocation mechanisms， and calculation rules in the EU and US， as well as the characteristics of the two systems. It has been observed that both the EU and US have adopted synergistic approaches to protect the ozone layer and address climate change. They jointly promote the implementation of the Kigali Amendment and achievement of climate neutrality goals， and reduce HFCs through economic measures and market mechanisms. Specifically， the EU was the first to adopt paid quotas， thereby strengthening the market constraints. Meanwhile， the US flexibly used market tools， including free quotas with a quota transfer offset system. Additionally， both have established quota-accounting methods based on the GWP values of substances， and the US has developed a toolbox for HFC quota allocation. China implemented the HFCs quota licensing system in 2024. The experiences of the HFC allowance allocation systems in the EU and US can provide references for China's compliance with the Kigali Amendment.

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