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先进内燃动力全国重点实验室(天津大学) 天津 300350
许伟聪,男,助理研究员,天津大学机械工程学院。联系电话:18722373369。E-mail:xuweicong@tju.edu.cn。研究方向:先进热力系统。Xu Weicong, male, assistant researcher, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Contact Number: 18722373369,E-mail:xuweicong@tju.edu.cn. Research fields: advanced thermal systems.
收稿:2025-09-15,
修回:2025-11-23,
录用:2025-12-01,
网络首发:2026-02-04,
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张鹏,许伟聪,赵力等.高热流密度器件液体射流冷却研究进展[J].制冷学报,
Zhang Peng Xu Weicong Zhao Li Huang Kunteng Long Qiang.Research Progress of Liquid Jet Cooling for High Heat Flux Devices[J].Journal of Refrigeration,
张鹏,许伟聪,赵力等.高热流密度器件液体射流冷却研究进展[J].制冷学报, DOI:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250915001. CSTR: XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250915001.
Zhang Peng Xu Weicong Zhao Li Huang Kunteng Long Qiang.Research Progress of Liquid Jet Cooling for High Heat Flux Devices[J].Journal of Refrigeration, DOI:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250915001. CSTR: XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250915001.
随着电子器件向高集成度与高功率方向发展,热流密度持续攀升,对散热技术提出了极致挑战。液体射流冷却凭借其极高的局部换热强度和优异的空间适应性,成为应对千瓦级热流散热的潜在方案。本文系统综述了射流冷却技术的基本原理与研究进展,重点剖析了单孔射流、阵列射流及相变射流沸腾的换热机制与特性。现有研究结果显示,受限式阵列射流可有效提升冲击面上的温度均匀性与临界热流密度(CHF);交错分布式喷嘴排布能够显著抑制横流负面影响,增强流动与换热稳定性。此外,在射流冲击表面设计微纳尺度的强化结构可大幅增加成核位点与传热面积,从而显著强化换热。工质物性、喷嘴几何结构、系统流量及过冷度等因素对换热性能具有决定性影响。目前该技术仍需在低GWP环保工质开发、多尺度结构优化及复合冷却系统集成等方向深入探索。通过多因素协同优化,射流冷却技术有望突破极端散热瓶颈,为下一代高功率器件提供可靠热管理方案。
With the ongoing trend toward higher integration and greater power output in electronic devices, heat flux densities are steadily increasing, posing severe challenges for thermal management technologies. Among the various approaches, liquid jet cooling has emerged as a promising candidate for kilowatt-level heat dissipation owing to its exceptionally high local heat transfer coefficients and excellent spatial adaptability. This review systematically summarizes the fundamental principles and recent advances in jet cooling with a particular focus on the heat transfer mechanisms and characteristics of single jets, jet arrays, and phase-change jet boiling. Current studies indicate that confined jet arrays can effectively enhance temperature uniformity and critical heat flux (CHF) at the impingement surface, while staggered nozzle arrangements significantly mitigate adverse cross-flow effects, thereby improving the flow stability and heat transfer performance. Furthermore, incorporating micro/nanoscale surface structures at the jet impingement interface significantly increases the number of nucleation sites and heat transfer area, leading to a substantial enhancement in boiling heat transfer. Key influencing factors, such as the working fluid properties, nozzle geometry, system flow rate, and liquid subcooling, critically determine the cooling performance. Nevertheless, further exploration is required to address challenges such as adaptability to non-uniform heat fluxes, development of environmentally friendly low-GWP working fluids, multi-scale structure optimization, and integration of hybrid cooling systems. Through coordinated optimization across multiple factors, jet cooling technology holds significant potential for overcoming extreme heat dissipation bottlenecks and providing reliable thermal management solutions for next-generation high-power electronic devices.
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