| 摘要: |
| 随着数据中心行业的不断发展，IT设备能耗、热通量均逐渐提高，配套的制冷设备能耗占比增大，因此高效节能冷却技术逐渐受到关注。本文对现有的两相冷却技术进行了归纳、分类，并在此基础上提出了一种分布式两相冷却方法。同时介绍了两相冷却技术所涉及的冷却液物性、强化换热方法和系统热力学评估3个层面的研究进展。目前，数据中心冷却液的物性研究主要针对液相，缺少气相物性；沸腾换热和冷凝换热主要是通过对气泡和液滴的形成与脱离过程进行强化，缺少针对冷却液强化换热方法的研究；两相冷却系统具有优越的热力学性能，但存在相变引起的压力变化问题。 |
| 关键词: 数据中心 两相冷却 沸腾换热 冷凝换热 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2021-08-21 修订日期：2021-11-29
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| 基金项目:北京市自然科学基金（3212019）和国家自然科学基金（52076115）资助项目。 |
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| Current Status and Prospects of Two-phase Cooling for Data Centers |
|
Li Fangning, Cao Haishan
|
| (Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University) |
| Abstract: |
| With the continuous development of data centers, the energy consumption and heat flux of information technology (IT) equipment has gradually increased, and the energy consumption of supporting refrigeration equipment increases proportionally. Consequently, efficient and energy-saving cooling technologies have gradually attracted considerable attention. In this study, existing two-phase cooling techniques were summarized and classified, and the distributed two-phase cooling method was proposed. By contrast, the research progress of two-phase cooling technology was introduced in three aspects: the properties of working fluids for data center cooling, enhanced heat transfer methods, and thermodynamic evaluation of cooling systems. The research on the working fluids mainly focused on the liquid properties, and the gaseous properties were rarely reported. The heat transfer of boiling and condensation was mainly strengthened by the formation and separation of bubbles and droplets. Research on enhanced heat transfer methods for liquid cooling was insufficient. The two-phase cooling system had an excellent thermodynamic performance. However, the pressure change caused by the phase change is undesired. |
| Key words: data center two-phase cooling boiling heat transfer condensation heat transfer |
