| 摘要: |
| 新能源电动汽车热管理系统与传统乘用车不同，对采用热泵空调系统并利用液冷冷却电池的新能源电动汽车，制冷剂充注量比传统汽车空调增加了400～800 g。若使用可燃制冷剂，泄漏扩散至乘员舱，燃烧风险将增大。本文通过数值模拟对R1234yf制冷剂在蒸发器破损泄漏随送风进入乘员舱后的浓度变化过程和最高浓度进行了动态监测。结果表明：汽车后排制冷剂较前排易聚集。制冷剂在完全泄漏后，4个出风口最高平均R1234yf体积浓度为1.58%，4位乘客呼吸点最高平均R1234yf体积浓度为0.99%，4位乘客脚部最高平均R1234yf体积浓度为0.95%，乘员舱最高体积浓度低于制冷剂可燃下限。对比不同车型实验数据，发现车型对制冷剂体积浓度的影响最大，为1.2%。 |
| 关键词: 汽车空调 泄漏模型 制冷剂 可燃性 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2021-09-03 修订日期：2021-09-18
|
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目（51936007）资助。 |
|
| Study on Leakage Diffusion of R1234yf Vehicle Air Conditioner |
|
Wang Linlin1,2, Yang Zhao1, Wang Dan2
|
| (1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University;2.China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd) |
| Abstract: |
| The thermal management system of electric vehicles is different from that of traditional passenger vehicles. For electric vehicles with a heat pump system and liquid cooling battery, the refrigerant charge is increased by 400–800 g compared with traditional air conditioning. If a combustible refrigerant is used, any leakage will spread to the passenger compartment, and the risk of combustion will increase. In this study, the concentration change process and maximum concentration of R1234yf refrigerant after evaporator damage and leakage with the air supply into the passenger compartment were dynamically monitored by numerical simulation. The results show that the refrigerant in the rear row accumulates more easily than that in the front row. After the refrigerant was completely leaked, the highest average R1234yf volume concentration at the four air outlets was 1.58%. The highest average R1234yf volume concentration at the breathing point of the four passengers was 0.99%. The highest average R1234yf volume concentration at the feet of the four passengers was 0.95%. The highest volume concentration in the passenger compartment was lower than the lower flammability limit of R1234yf. Compared with the test data of different vehicle models, it was found that different vehicle models had the greatest influence on the refrigerant volume concentration, which was 1.2% for different vehicle model. |
| Key words: automotive air conditioning leakage model refrigerant flammability |
