To reduce the energy consumption in data centers

a pump-driven two-phase loop system was proposed for free-cooling in data centers. Based on the exergy balance equation of a steady-flow system

the system was analyzed and optimized in this study

and exergy balance models of components for the system were established. The variation and distribution of exergy loss for both the system and every single component were compared theoretically and experimentally under three different working conditions. The results showed that the largest exergy loss was from the evaporator at over 40%. The next largest loss was that of the condenser and pump at approximately 25% each. The evaporator

condenser

and pump should be considered in sequence for system improvement. Improving the heat transfer coefficient

increasing the heat transfer area appropriately

and setting a reasonable indoor temperature could be performed for optimization of the evaporator and condenser. To optimize the pump

the pump compression should be as close as possible to isentropic compression.