According to the theory of flash evaporation

an experimental apparatus was designed for a water-dynamic vacuum flash under the influence of ethanol and ultrasound. The effects of the different rates of ultrasonic power

flow rate

and ethanol concentration were investigated. The experimental results show that compared with the flash evaporation without ultrasound

ultrasound exhibited an obvious effect on the flash enhancement. Furthermore

the depressurization and cooling-down rates were increased with the enhancement of the ultrasound

and a higher ultrasonic power rate was conducive to the dynamic flash and improving the ice-making efficiency. Further

the final stable pressure was increased with the increase in the flow rate under the same ultrasonic power. A large flow rate was not conducive to the continuous process of flash vaporization. Ethanol additives could make the solution temperature be decreased below 0 ?C

and the higher the concentration was

the lower the temperature was. Adding 5% ethanol was more favorable for ice crystal production