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1.浙江大学制冷与低温研究所 杭州 310027
2. 浙江大学宁波国际科创中心 宁波 315100
徐象国,男,教授,浙江大学制冷与低温研究所,0571-87953944,E-mail: zjuxgxu@zju.edu.cn。研究方向:新能源汽车热管理,智能空调,分布式能源系统。
收稿:2026-03-31,
修回:2026-05-29,
录用:2026-06-04,
网络首发:2026-07-30,
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王艳桐,徐象国,黎念. 微通道换热器温度均匀性优化研究进展[J]. 制冷学报,XXXX,XX(XX):1-15.
Wang Yantong,Xu Xiangguo,Li Nian. Research Progress on Optimizing Temperature Uniformity in Microchannel Heat Exchangers[J]. Journal of Refrigeration,XXXX,XX(XX):1-15.
王艳桐,徐象国,黎念. 微通道换热器温度均匀性优化研究进展[J]. 制冷学报,XXXX,XX(XX):1-15. DOI: 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260331001.
Wang Yantong,Xu Xiangguo,Li Nian. Research Progress on Optimizing Temperature Uniformity in Microchannel Heat Exchangers[J]. Journal of Refrigeration,XXXX,XX(XX):1-15. DOI: 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260331001.
微通道换热器(microchannel heat sink,MCHS)凭借高传热系数(heat transfer coefficient,HTC)与紧凑结构,在电池热管理(battery thermal management system,BTMS)中具有广阔应用前景。针对动力电池对温度均匀性的严格要求,本文综述了单相液冷和两相液冷微通道换热器在均温优化方面的研究进展,分析了温度不均的形成机理、结构优化方法及制造可行性。结果表明,单相液冷微通道的温度不均由并联通道流量分配不均和冷却液沿程升温引起,优化进出口布置、改进歧管结构、采用仿生/拓扑流道以及设置变密度扰流结构可有效改善温度分布。两相液冷微通道的温度均匀性则受流量分配、气泡行为共同影响,需通过表面改性和特殊结构调控气液相分布。对比分析发现,单相流优化重点在于改善液相流动分配和强化下游换热,而两相流优化关键在于调控气泡行为。此外,复杂微通道结构的工程应用仍受制造成本、加工精度和长期可靠性限制。研究结果可为MCHS在BTMS中的均温结构设计与工程应用提供参考。
Microchannel heat sinks (MCHS) offer broad application prospects in battery thermal management systems (BTMS) due to their high heat-transfer coefficient (HTC) and compact structures. In response to the stringent requirements for temperature uniformity in power batteries, this study reviews the recent research progress in optimizing temperature uniformity across single-phase and two-phase liquid-cooled microchannel heat exchangers, analyzing the mechanisms of temperature non-uniformity, structural optimization methods, and manufacturing feasibility. The results indicate that the temperature non-uniformity in single-phase liquid-cooled microchannels is caused by the uneven flow distribution among the parallel channels and the gradual heating of the coolant along the flow path. Optimization measures, such as improving inlet and outlet arrangements, enhancing manifold structures, employing biomimetic or topological flow paths, and implementing variable-density disturbance structures, can effectively improve the temperature distribution. For two-phase liquid-cooled microchannels, temperature uniformity is influenced by the flow distribution and bubble behavior, requiring surface modification and special structures to regulate the gas-liquid phase distribution. Comparative analysis reveals that the optimization of single-phase flow focuses on improving the liquid flow distribution and enhancing the downstream heat transfer, whereas the key to two-phase flow optimization lies in controlling the bubble behavior. Moreover, the engineering applications of complex microchannel structures are limited by manufacturing costs, processing precision, and long-term reliability. These findings offer practical guidance for designing temperature-uniform structures in MCHS for BTMS.
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