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中国石油大学(北京)重质油国家重点实验室 北京 102249
陈哲文,男,副教授,中国石油大学(北京)大学机械与储运工程学院学院,15120004120,E-mail:2022880013@cup.edu.cn。研究方向:碳捕集与封存;超临界水煤气化基础理论以及发电系统集成与优化;LNG冷能利用;冷热电联供,地热能利用。Chen Zhewen, male, associate professorr, College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 86-15120004120, E-mail: 2022880013@cup.edu.cn.Research fields: carbon capture and storage; supercritical water gasification; utilization of cold energy from LNG; combined cooling, heating and power; geothermal energy utilization.
收稿:2025-07-10,
修回:2025-10-11,
录用:2025-10-13,
网络出版:2026-01-19,
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刘穆禹,陈哲文,张玉明等.LNG冷能梯级利用研究进展及展望[J].制冷学报,
Liu Muyu Chen Zhewen Zhang Yuming Li Jiazhou Zhang Wei Yang Yunjie.Research Progress and Prospects for LNG Cold-Energy Cascade Utilization[J].Journal of Refrigeration,
刘穆禹,陈哲文,张玉明等.LNG冷能梯级利用研究进展及展望[J].制冷学报, DOI:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250710001. CSTR: XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250710001.
Liu Muyu Chen Zhewen Zhang Yuming Li Jiazhou Zhang Wei Yang Yunjie.Research Progress and Prospects for LNG Cold-Energy Cascade Utilization[J].Journal of Refrigeration, DOI:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250710001. CSTR: XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250710001.
在“双碳”目标背景下,液化天然气(LNG)冷能的高效梯级利用对能源结构低碳转型与资源循环利用具有重要意义。本文系统综述了LNG冷能梯级利用的技术进展、应用场景及未来挑战,结合技术成熟度评估框架,提出适配不同场景的冷能综合利用方案。研究表明,LNG冷能在气化过程中释放的冷能可通过深冷段(-162~-100 ℃)、中冷段(-100~-50 ℃)和浅冷段(-50~0 ℃)的梯级利用实现高效回收。当前主流技术包括冷能发电、空气分离、冷冻冷藏及CO₂捕集等,其中空气分离技术成熟度最高(TRL9),已在国内多座接收站实现规模化应用;冷能发电(TRL8)通过联合循环优化显著提升效率,但系统复杂性与稳定性仍需突破。本文指出,我国LNG冷能利用率普遍较低,主要受限于波动性较大、冷能时空分布不均、工艺耦合度低及产业链协同不足。未来需聚焦三大方向:优化建设布局,建设产业园区就地消纳冷能;构建综合评价体系,推动多模式协同的高效冷能梯级利用;通过建设储能系统,提升冷能利用的灵活性和稳定性。本文为LNG冷能梯级利用的技术优化与产业化发展提供了建议与参考。
Under the backdrop of the "dual carbon" strategy, the efficient cascade utilization of liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy plays a critical role in facilitating the low-carbon transition of the energy structure and promoting resource recycling. This paper systematically reviews the technological progress, application scenarios, and future challenges. Based on a technology maturity assessment framework, comprehensive cold-energy utilization schemes tailored to different scenarios are proposed. Research indicates that the cold energy released during LNG regasification can be efficiently recovered through cascade utilization across three temperature ranges: deep cryogenic (-162 ℃ to -100 ℃), mid-cryogenic (-100 ℃ to -50 ℃), and low cryogenic (-50 ℃ to 0 ℃). Current mainstream technologies include cold-energy power generation, air separation, freezing/cold storage, and CO₂ capture. Among these, air separation has the highest maturity (TRL9), with large-scale applications achieved in multiple domestic receiving terminals. Cold-energy power generation (TRL8) has significantly improved the efficiency through combined cycle optimization; however, challenges remain in terms of the system complexity and stability. This study found that the LNG cold-energy utilization rate in China is generally low and is primarily constrained by an uneven spatiotemporal distribution, weak process coupling, and insufficient industrial chain coordination. Future efforts should focus on three key directions: optimizing the construction layout by establishing industrial parks for onsite cold-energy consumption, constructing a comprehensive evaluation system to promote efficient cascade utilization of cold energy through multimode collaboration, and enhancing the flexibility and stability of cold-energy utilization by developing energy-storage systems. This paper provides recommendations and references for the technological optimization and industrial development of LNG cold-energy cascade utilization.
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