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清华大学航天航空学院 北京 100084
李震,男,教授,清华大学航天航空学院,13501119826,E-mail:lizh@tsinghua.edu.cn。研究方向:制冷空调,数据中心冷却方法及应用。
收稿:2025-07-02,
修回:2025-07-16,
录用:2025-08-19,
纸质出版:2026-02-16
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王馨翊,王露,陈晓轩等.数据中心高密度机柜的风冷系统及其散热能力分析[J].制冷学报,2026,47(01):51-58.
Wang Xinyi Wang Lu Chen Xiaoxuan Li Hongrui Li Zhen.Analysis of Air-Cooling System and Heat-Dissipation Capacity for High-Density Cabinets in Data Centers[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2026,47(01):51-58.
王馨翊,王露,陈晓轩等.数据中心高密度机柜的风冷系统及其散热能力分析[J].制冷学报,2026,47(01):51-58. DOI: 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250702002. CSTR: XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250702002.
Wang Xinyi Wang Lu Chen Xiaoxuan Li Hongrui Li Zhen.Analysis of Air-Cooling System and Heat-Dissipation Capacity for High-Density Cabinets in Data Centers[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2026,47(01):51-58. DOI: 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250702002. CSTR: XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250702002.
随着信息技术的飞速发展和智能算力的广泛应用,单机柜的功率密度不断攀升。这种高功率密度配置在显著提升计算能力的同时,也带来了严峻的散热挑战。针对当前仍以风冷技术为主的数据中心,本文对微通道两相自驱动机柜级风冷系统进行了实验测试,测试结果表明:该系统可实现40 kW的换热能力。将该系统应用于太原某高密度机柜的示范工程中,实测数据显示,在满载条件下,机柜发热功率达到30 kW,本系统能够有效满足其散热需求。并基于实验数据构建了换热过程模型,研究了未来两相自驱机柜级风冷末端在不同外部条件下的换热能力,以期探索风冷系统的换热能力极限。结果显示:在机柜级末端回风温度维持在35 ℃、冷水源温度低至12 ℃、末端迎面风速高达5 m/s的条件下,风冷末端可实现65.2 kW的散热量。通过实验验证和理论分析,可为存量风冷数据中心进一步提升算力提供新的可能性和技术支撑。
With the rapid development of information technology and the wide application of intelligent arithmetic, the power density of a single cabinet continues to increase. Such high-power-density configurations cause severe cooling challenges while significantly increasing computing power. This study tests a two-phase microchannel self-driven cabinet-level air-cooling system for data centers dominated by air-cooling technology. The test results show that the system can achieve a heat-transfer capacity of 40 kW. The system is subsequently applied to a high-density cabinet demonstration project in Taiyuan. The measured data show that when the power of the cabinet reaches 30 kW under full-load conditions, this system can effectively satisfy its heat-dissipation requirements. In addition, this study constructs a heat-transfer model based on experimental data and further explores the heat-transfer capability of two-phase self-driven cabinet-level air-cooled terminals under different external conditions, with the aim of exploring the limits of air-cooling systems. The results show that the air-cooled terminal can realize a heat dissipation of 65.2 kW if the return air temperature of the cabinet-level terminal is maintained at 35 ℃, the temperature of the chilled water source is as low as 12 ℃, and the wind speed on the terminal reaches 5 m/s. Based on experimental validation and theoretical analysis, this study offers new possibilities and technical support for stock air-cooled data centers to further improve their arithmetic power.
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