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1.中国科学院低温工程学重点实验室 中国科学院理化技术研究所 北京 100190
2. 中国科学院大学 北京 100049
3. 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 苏州 215123
4. 上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所 上海 200240
王亚男,女,助理研究员,中国科学院理化技术研究所,13683679250,E-mail: wangyanan@mail.ipc.ac.cn。研究方向:极低温,稀释制冷。
收稿:2024-11-13,
修回:2024-12-11,
录用:2024-12-12,
纸质出版:2026-04-16
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李志恒,程维军,时文华等.稀释制冷机蒸馏室出口超流氦爬膜抑制结构的性能评估[J].制冷学报,2026,47(02):20-25.
Li Zhiheng,Cheng Weijun,Shi Wenhua,et al.Performance Evaluation of Suppression Structure for Superfluid Helium Film Flow at the Exit of Dilution Refrigerator Still Chamber[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2026,47(02):20-25.
李志恒,程维军,时文华等.稀释制冷机蒸馏室出口超流氦爬膜抑制结构的性能评估[J].制冷学报,2026,47(02):20-25. DOI: 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20241113003. CSTR: XXXXX.XX.XXX.20241113003.
Li Zhiheng,Cheng Weijun,Shi Wenhua,et al.Performance Evaluation of Suppression Structure for Superfluid Helium Film Flow at the Exit of Dilution Refrigerator Still Chamber[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2026,47(02):20-25. DOI: 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20241113003. CSTR: XXXXX.XX.XXX.20241113003.
超流氦(
4
He)由于其量子特性,在极低温下会产生超常热导效应、喷泉效应和爬膜效应等特殊现象。稀释制冷机以
3
He作为循环工质,
3
He在混合室穿过相界面产生制冷效果,在蒸馏室蒸发后由室温泵组抽出。蒸馏室内部的超流氦会在壁面上形成液膜并向高温处流动,其超常的热导率会使蒸馏室漏热较大,并且超流氦液膜在蒸发后会影响循环过程中
3
He的纯度,进而影响稀释制冷的制冷量。“刀口”和“小孔”结构是限制超流氦爬膜的主要方式。通过计算分析了循环工质
3
He的纯度对稀释制冷机制冷量的影响以及“小孔”的大小对系统
3
He循环流量的限制,通过实验测试了在0.95 K时分别设置“小孔”和“刀口+小孔”时超流氦爬膜的质量流量,使用“刀口+小孔”比单独使用“小孔”超流氦爬膜抑制效果提升约35.6%。
Superfluid helium (
4
He) exhibits special phenomena such as anomalous thermal conduction
fountain
and crawling film effects at sub-Kelvin temperatures owing to its quantum properties. Dilution refrigerators utilize
3
He as the working fluid for circulation.
3
He produces cooling effects as it passes through the phase interface in the mixing chamber. It is then pumped out by a room-temperature pump after evaporation in the still chamber. The superfluid helium inside the still chamber forms a liquid film on the wall and flows toward higher temperatures. This results in significant heat leakage owing to its anomalous thermal conductivity. The superfluid helium liquid fil
m also affects the purity of
3
He during the circulation process
thereby influencing the cooling capacity of the dilution refrigerator. The “knife-edge” and “small orifice” structures are the primary means for suppressing superfluid helium films. This study analyzed the impact of the purity of the working fluid
3
He on the cooling capacity of the dilution refrigerator and the limitation placed on the system's
3
He circulation flow rate by the size of the “small orifice”. Experimental tests were conducted to measure the mass flow rate of the superfluid helium crawling film at 0.95 K with two types of suppression structures: “small orifice” and “knife-edge with small orifice”. The use of “knife-edge with small orifice” resulted in a 35.6% improvement in the suppression effect of the superfluid helium crawling film compared with the use of “small orifice” alone.
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