数据中心高密度机柜的风冷系统及其散热能力分析

王馨翊; 王露; 陈晓轩; 李弘锐; 李震

doi:null

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

数据中心高密度机柜的风冷系统及其散热能力分析

更新时间：2025-09-11

- 数据中心高密度机柜的风冷系统及其散热能力分析
- Analysis of Air-cooling System and Heat Dissipation Capacity for High-density Cabinets in Data Centers
- 默认刊物名称 2025年
- 作者机构：
  
  清华大学航天航空学院,北京市北京市100084
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "李震，男，教授，清华大学航天航空学院，13501119826，。研究方向：制冷空调，数据中心冷却方法及应用。" ]
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  中图分类号： TB61⁺1;TB657.5
- 收稿：2025-07-02，
  
  修回：2025-07-16，
  
  录用：2025-08-19，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王馨翊, 王露, 陈晓轩, 等. 数据中心高密度机柜的风冷系统及其散热能力分析[J/OL]. 默认刊物名称, 2025.

WANG Xinyi, WANG Lu, CHEN Xiaoxuan, et al. Analysis of Air-cooling System and Heat Dissipation Capacity for High-density Cabinets in Data Centers[J/OL]. Moren Journal, 2025.
王馨翊, 王露, 陈晓轩, 等. 数据中心高密度机柜的风冷系统及其散热能力分析[J/OL]. 默认刊物名称, 2025. DOI：

WANG Xinyi, WANG Lu, CHEN Xiaoxuan, et al. Analysis of Air-cooling System and Heat Dissipation Capacity for High-density Cabinets in Data Centers[J/OL]. Moren Journal, 2025. DOI：

摘要

随着信息技术的飞速发展和智能算力的广泛应用，单机柜的功率密度不断攀升。这种高功率密度配置在显著提升计算能力的同时，也带来了严峻的散热挑战。针对当前仍以风冷技术为主的数据中心，本研究对微通道两相自驱动机柜级风冷系统进行了实验测试，测试结果表明，该系统可实现40kW的换热能力。随后，本研究将该系统应用于太原某高密度机柜的示范工程中。实测数据显示，在满载条件下，机柜功率密度达到30kW，本系统能够有效满足其散热需求。此外，本研究基于实验数据构建了换热过程模型，进一步探讨了未来两相自驱机柜级风冷末端在不同外部条件下的换热能力，以期探索风冷系统的换热能力极限。结果显示，在机柜级末端回风温度维持在35℃、冷水源温度低至12℃、末端迎面风速高达5m/s的条件下，风冷末端可实现65.2kW的散热量。本研究通过实验验证和理论分析，为存量风冷数据中心进一步提升算力提供了新的可能性和技术支撑。

Abstract

With the rapid development of information technology and the wide application of intelligent arithmetic

the power density of a single cabinet continues to climb. Such high power density configurations bring severe cooling challenges while significantly increasing computing power. For data centers that are still dominated by air-cooling technology

this study tests a microchannel two-phase self-driven cabinet-level air-cooling system. Test results show that the system can realize a heat transfer capacity of 40kW. Subsequently

this study applied the system to a demonstration project of a high-density cabinet in Taiyuan. The measured data show that the power density of the cabinet reaches 30kW under full load conditions

and this system can effectively meet its heat dissipation requirements. In addition

this study constructs a heat transfer process model based on the experimental data

and further explores the heat transfer capability of future two-phase self-driven cabinet-level air-cooled terminal under different external conditions

with the aim of exploring the limits of air-cooling systems. The results show that the air-cooled terminal can realize a heat dissipation of 65.2kW under the conditions that the return air temperature of the cabinet-level terminal is maintained at 35℃

the temperature of the chilled water source is as low as 12℃

and the wind speed on the terminal reaches 5m/s. Through experimental validation and theoretical analysis

this study offers new possibilities and technical support for stock air-cooled data centers to further improve arithmetic power.

关键词

Keywords

references

景传刚 , 李楠 , 宋晓伟 . 不同功率密度机柜对数据中心的影响分析 [J ] . 通信电源技术 , 2019 , 36 ( 10 ): 85 - 88 .

JING Chuangang , LI Nan , Song Xiaowei . Effect of different power density racks on data center [J ] . Telecom Power Technology , 2019 , 36 ( 10 ): 85 - 88 .

陈焕新 , 程亨达 . 数据中心及超算中心冷却技术研究及应用进展 [C ] //中国制冷学会. “2022年双碳背景下中国制冷技术研究及应用进展论坛”会议论文集 . 华中科技大学 , 2023 : 6 .

CHEN Huanxin , CHENG Hengda . Research and application progress of cooling technologies for data centers and supercomputing centers [C ] // China Association of Refrigeration . “Proceedings of the 2022 Forum on Research and Application Progress of Refrigeration Technologies under Dual-Carbon Background in China” . Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 2023 : 6 .)

陈心拓 , 周黎旸 , 张程宾 , 等 . 绿色高能效数据中心散热冷却技术研究现状及发展趋势 [J ] . 中国工程科学 , 2022 , 24 ( 04 ): 94 - 104 .

CHEN Xintuo , ZHOU Liyang , Zhang Chengbin , et al . Research Status and Future Development of Cooling Technologies for Green and Energy-Efficient Data Centers [J ] . Strategic Study of CAE , 2022 , 24 ( 04 ): 94 - 104 .

孙文帅 . 某数据机房精密空调送回风温度控制方案对比分析 [J ] . 洁净与空调技术 , 2025 ,( 01 ): 46 - 51+56 .

SUN Wenshuai . Comparative analysis of the control scheme of supply air temperature and return air temperature for precision air conditioners in a data center module computer room [J ] . Contamination Control & Air-Conditioning Technology , 2025 ,( 01 ): 46 - 51+56 .

蒋雅靖 , 刘成 . 列间空调在高密度数据中心应用的数值模拟 [J ] . 建筑热能通风空调 , 2012 , 31 ( 06 ): 92 - 95 .

JIANG Yajing , LIU Cheng . Numerical Simulation of Inter-column Air-conditioning in High-density Internet Data Centre [J ] . Building Energy & Environment , 2012 , 31 ( 06 ): 92 - 95 .

田振武 , 张金辉 , 黄翔 , 等 . 数据中心双冷源列间空调系统设计与实测分析 [J ] . 制冷与空调(四川) , 2022 , 36 ( 06 ): 850 - 853+896 .

TIAN Zhenwu , ZHANG Jinhui , HUANG Xiang , et al . Design and Measurement Analysis of Double Cooling Air Conditioning System in Data Center [J ] . Refrigeration and Air Conditioning , 2022 , 36 ( 06 ): 850 - 853+896 .

孙永才 , 麦新有 . 微通道重力热管背板换热性能试验研究 [J ] . 建筑节能(中英文) , 2022 , 50 ( 10 ): 88 - 92 .

SUN Yongcai , MAI Xinyou . Experimental Study on Heat Exchange Performance of Microchannel Gravity Heat Pipe Backplane [J ] . Journal of BEE , 2022 , 50 ( 10 ): 88 - 92 .

中国信息通信研究院云计算与大数据研究所 . 算力中心冷板式液冷发展研究报告 [R/OL ] [ 2025-05-26 ] https://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/ztbg/202405/P020240523566116859176.pdf https://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/ztbg/202405/P020240523566116859176.pdf

Cloud Computing & Big Data Research Institute of China Academy of Information and Communications Technology . Research Report on Cold Plate Liquid Cooling Development in Computing Power Centers [R/OL ] .[ 2025-05-26 ] https://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/ztbg/202405/P020240523566116859176.pdf. https://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/ztbg/202405/P020240523566116859176.pdf.

HEYDARI A , GHARAIBEH A R , TRADAT M , et al ., Experimental evaluation of direct-to-chip cold plate liquid cooling for high-heat-density data centers [J ] . Applied Thermal Engineering , 2024 . 239 : 122122 .

潘永莉 , 王会娟 , 宗皓男 , 等 . 数据中心服务器浸没式液冷技术研究进展 [J ] . 润滑油 , 2024 , 39 ( 06 ): 7 - 13 .

PAN Yongli , WANG Huijuan , ZONG Haonan , et al . Research Progress on Immersion Liquid Cooling Technology for Data Center Servers [J ] . LUBRICATING OIL , 2024 , 39 ( 06 ): 7 - 13 .

蒋绍辉 , 张博博 , 熊滕 , 等 . 数据中心液冷技术的应用研究进展 [J ] . 新能源进展 , 2025 , 13 ( 02 ): 204 - 213 .

JIANG Shaohui , ZHANG Bobo , XIONG Teng , et al . Research Progress on Application of Liquid Cooling Technology in Data Center [J ] . ADVANCES IN NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY , 2025 , 13 ( 02 ): 204 - 213 .

陈焕新 , 王宜卿 , 张丽 , 等 . 数据中心发展进展 [J ] . 制冷技术 , 2024 , 44 ( S1 ): 2 - 19 .

CHEN Huanxin , WANG Yiqing , ZHANG Li , et al . Development Progress of Data Centers [J ] . Chinese Journal of Refrigeration Technology , 2024 , 44 ( S1 ): 2 - 19 .

孙西辉 , 刘旭 , 李宁 . 提升多联机空调能效的室外机换热器设计 [J ] . 家电科技 , 2024 , ( 05 ): 114 - 117+122 .

SUN Xihui , LIU Xu , LI Ning . Design of outdoor unit heat exchanger for variable refrigerant flow air conditioner to improve energy efficiency [J ] . Journal of Appliance Science & Technology , 2024 , ( 05 ): 114 - 117+122 .

何佳璇 , 张羽彤 , 管旭东 , 等 . 铝合金微通道换热器的腐蚀防护现状与进展 [J ] . 中国腐蚀与防护学报 , 2024 , 44 ( 04 ): 993 - 1000 .

HE Jiaxuan , ZHANG Yutong , Guan Xudong , et al . Present Status and Progress of Corrosion Protection for Microchannel Heat Exchangers of Al-alloy [J ] . Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection , 2024 , 44 ( 04 ): 993 - 1000 .

章熙民 , 朱彤 , 安青松 , 等 . 传热学（第六版） [M ] . 北京 : 中国建筑工业出版社 , 2014 : 161 - 162 .

ZHANG Ximin , ZHU Tong , AN Qingsong , et al . Heat Transfer [M ] . Beijing : China Architecture & Building Press , 2014 : 161 - 162 .

KHODABANDEH R . Heat transfer in the evaporator of an advanced two-phase thermosyphon loop [J/OL ] . International Journal of Refrigeration , 2005 , 28 ( 2 ): 190 - 202 .

国家市场监督管理总局 , 国家标准化管理委员会 . 数据中心和通信机房用空气调节机 : GB/T 19413-2024 , [S ] . 北京 : 中国标准出版社 , 2024 .

Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China , State Administration for Market Regulation . Air conditioning unit for data center and communication room : GB/T 19413-2024 , [S ] . Beijing : Standards Press of China , 2024 .

于传波 . 数据中心水冷背板系统的实验及模拟研究 [D ] . 湖南大学 , 2023 .

YU Chuanbo . Experimental and simulation study of water-cooling backplane system in data center [D ] . Hunan University , 2023 .

赵晓 , 薛佳 , 刘占盛 , 等 . 自然冷源技术研究综述 [J ] . 暖通空调 , 2023 , 53 ( S2 ): 143 - 147 .

ZHAO Xiao , XUE Jia , LIU Zhansheng , et al . A Review on Natural Cooling Source Technologies [J ] . Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning , 2023 , 53 ( S2 ): 143 - 147 .

严政 , 吴学渊 , 黄翔 , 等 . 水侧自然冷却技术在雄安城市计算中心的应用研究 [J ] . 建筑科学 , 2023 , 39 ( 01 ): 93 - 100 .

YAN Zheng , WU Xueyuan , HUANG Xiang , et al . Application of water side natural cooling technology in Xiongan Urban Computing Center [J ] . BUILDING SCIENCE , 2023 , 39 ( 01 ): 93 - 100 .

张泉 , 熊磊 , 张荩文 . 数据中心水冷系统温排水对水环境影响研究 [J ] . 建筑热能通风空调 , 2021 , 40 ( 01 ): 12 - 15 .

ZHANG Quan , XIONG Lei , ZHANG Jinwen . Investigation on Influence of Warm Drainage from Data Center Water Cooling System on Water Environment [J ] . Building Energy & Environment , 2021 , 40 ( 01 ): 12 - 15 .

王露 , 王馨翊 , 张博 , 等 . 高密度数据中心相变风辅液冷系统节能分析 [J/OL ] . 清华大学学报(自然科学版) , 1 - 8 [ 2025-07-15 ] . https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2025.22.031 https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2025.22.031 .

WANG Lu , WANG Xinyi , ZHANG Bo , et al . Energy Efficiency Analysis of Phase-change Air-assisted Liquid Cooling systems for high-density datacenters [J/OL ] . Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology) , 1 - 8 [ 2025-07-15 ] . https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2025.22.031.. https://doi.org/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2025.22.031..

浏览量

166

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

背板式风冷机柜冷却能力分析

旋转气泵驱动环路冷却机组的工作特性