| 摘要: |
| 食品在冷链过程中的碳足迹计算是我国食品未来走向国际市场的一个必要门槛。本文利用生命周期评估方法计算了某果蔬冷链各环节的碳足迹，并基于能量平衡方程，研究不同运输时间下的冷藏运输方式和碳足迹。研究结果表明：1）1 kg蔬菜各冷链环节碳足迹为0.098 kg，运输环节占总排放的82%，预冷、存储（销售）和消费（废弃）环节分别占总排放的7%、6%和5%；2）运输时间在5 h内，预冷后的蔬菜可采用保温运输，供冷碳足迹为0；3）蓄冷运输时间60 h，蓄冷剂相变潜热L=270 kJ/kg时，每立方米需要70 kg的蓄冷剂；4）10 t冷藏车的运输时间在98 h内采用蓄冷运输比机械制冷运输的供冷碳足迹更小。因此，为了减小冷链过程中的碳足迹，应根据运输时间选择不同的冷藏运输方式，优先使用体系数H小的冷藏车，相变潜热大的蓄冷剂，COP高的制冷机组，适当增加冷藏车保温层厚度。 |
| 关键词: 果蔬冷链 碳足迹 运输方式 计算方法 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2020-08-07 修订日期：2020-11-28
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年项目(51906178)和国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0401304-4）资助。 |
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| Calculation of Carbon Footprint of Fruits and Vegetables Based on Cold Chain Model |
| Li Bin,Liu Bin,Chen Aiqiang,Zhao Songsong,Ning Jinghong |
| (Tianjin Key Lab of Refrigeration Technology, Tianjin University of Commerce) |
| Abstract: |
| The carbon footprint calculation of our country’s food in the cold chain process is a prerequisite for its entry to the international market in the future. In this study, the life cycle assessment method was used to calculate the carbon footprint of various parts in the cold chain of certain fruit and vegetable. Based on the energy balance equation, the refrigerated transportation mode and carbon footprint under different duration of transportation were studied. The results showed that the carbon footprint of a 1-kg vegetable in the cold chain is0.098 kg; the transportation part accounts for 82% of the total emissions, while the precooling, storage (sales), and consumption (disposal) parts account for 7%, 6%, and 5%, respectively. When the duration of transportation is within 5 h, the precooled vegetables can be transported with heat preservation, and the carbon footprint is zero. When the duration of cold storage transportation is 60 h and the latent heat L of phase-change materialis270 kJ/kg,70kg of cold storage agent is needed per cubic meter. The 10-t refrigerated truck with a transportation duration less than 98h has a smaller carbon footprint for cold storage transportation than that for the mechanical refrigeration transportation. Therefore, to reduce the carbon footprint in the cold chain process, different refrigerated transportation methods should be selected according to the duration of transportation. Refrigerated trucks with a small shape coefficient H, cold storage agents with a large phase-change latent heat, and refrigeration units with a high COP should be the prior considerations while the thickness of the insulation layer of refrigerated trucks should be appropriately increased. |
| Key words: fruit and vegetable cold chain carbon footprint transportation mode calculation method |
