Construction and Thermal Performance Enhancement of Potassium Aluminum Sulfate Dodecahydrate-Based Composite Phase Change Materials

Meng Xiangyu Lü Xin Hua Weisan Zhang Xuelai

doi:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20251205001

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Construction and Thermal Performance Enhancement of Potassium Aluminum Sulfate Dodecahydrate-Based Composite Phase Change Materials

更新时间：2026-05-06

- Construction and Thermal Performance Enhancement of Potassium Aluminum Sulfate Dodecahydrate-Based Composite Phase Change Materials
- Journal of Refrigeration Pages: 1-11(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  上海海事大学商船学院上海 201306
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20251205001
  CLC： TB34;TK02;TK512
- Received：05 December 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-01-26，
  
  Accepted：02 February 2026，
  
  Online First：06 May 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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孟祥宇,吕鑫,华维三等.十二水硫酸铝钾基复合相变材料的构筑及热性能强化研究[J].制冷学报,

Meng Xiangyu Lü Xin Hua Weisan Zhang Xuelai.Construction and Thermal Performance Enhancement of Potassium Aluminum Sulfate Dodecahydrate-Based Composite Phase Change Materials[J].Journal of Refrigeration,
孟祥宇,吕鑫,华维三等.十二水硫酸铝钾基复合相变材料的构筑及热性能强化研究[J].制冷学报, DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20251205001.

Meng Xiangyu Lü Xin Hua Weisan Zhang Xuelai.Construction and Thermal Performance Enhancement of Potassium Aluminum Sulfate Dodecahydrate-Based Composite Phase Change Materials[J].Journal of Refrigeration, DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20251205001.

摘要

为实现中低温场景的高效热存储，基于十二水硫酸铝钾（KAl（SO

）

·12H

O，PASD）的特性，选取其为储热材料，为解决相变温度高、过冷度大及导热性能差等瓶颈问题，本文通过“共晶改性-成核调温-导热增强”的协同改性策略，成功构筑了一种高性能复合相变材料。筛选了7种潜在共晶组分，发现硝酸钾（KNO

）可与之形成稳定共晶体系，在质量分数16%的配比下，相变温度由92.5 ℃降至77.4 ℃，潜热值保持在248.9 J/g，过冷度降至6.03 ℃。机理研究表明，K⁺离子的引入通过削弱［Al（H

O）

］

络合离子的水合作用，有效降低了晶体熔融能垒。进一步引入质量分数2%的七水硫酸镁（MSH）作为晶格匹配型成核剂，凭借其与PASD相似的斜方晶系结构诱导异相成核，将过冷度基本消除（接近0 ℃），并将相变温度微调至75.8 ℃。最终，采用质量分数为5%的200目石墨粉（GP200）作为导热增强相，构建了高效导热网络，使复合材料导热系数提升至1.215 W/（m·K），较基体材料提高了217%，而潜热值仍保持在219.0 J/g的高水平。该研究为高性能无机水合盐相变材料的改性制备设计提供了理论依据，在太阳能光热利用与工业余热回收领域展现出广阔应用前景。

Abstract

In this study， potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate （KAl（SO

）

·12H

O， PASD） was selected as the thermal storage material to achieve efficient thermal storage in medium-to-low temperature ranges. To overcome its drawbacks， such as its high phase transition temperature， significant supercooling， and poor thermal conductivity， a synergistic modification strategy of "eutectic modification-nucleation temperature adjustment-thermal conductivity enhancement" was employed to successfully obtain a high-performance composite phase-change material. Seven potential eutectic components were screened， and potassium nitrate （KNO

） was found to form a stable eutectic system with PASD. At a KNO

mass fraction of 16%， the phase transition temperature decreased from 92.5 to 77.4 ℃， whereas the latent heat value remained at 248.9 J/g， and the supercooling was reduced to 6.03 ℃. Mechanistic studies revealed that the introduction of K⁺ effectively lowered the energy b

arrier for crystal melting by weakening the hydration of ［Al（H₂O）₆］³⁺ complex ions. Furthermore， the addition of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate （MSH） at 2% mass fraction as a lattice-matched nucleating agent induced heterogeneous nucleation owing to the similar orthorhombic crystal structures of MSH and PASD， nearly eliminating supercooling （i.e.， supercooling approached 0 ℃） and fine-tuning the phase transition temperature to 75.8 ℃. Finally， 200-mesh graphite powder （GP200） was used at 5% mass fraction as a thermal conductivity-enhancing phase to construct an efficient thermal network， increasing the thermal conductivity of the composite to 1.215 W/（m·K）， achieving 217% improvement over that of the base material， while maintaining a high latent heat of 219.0 J/g. This study provides a theoretical basis for the modification and preparation of high-performance hydrated inorganic salt-based phase-change materials， demonstrating their broad application prospects in solar thermal utilization and industrial waste heat recovery.

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