Impact of Liquid Reservoir on Charging Performance in R290 Heat Pump Systems for Electric Vehicles

Sun Yao; Shao Wencong; Wang Yanxia; Yang Tianyang; Zhang Rongrong; Zou Huiming

doi:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250923004

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Impact of Liquid Reservoir on Charging Performance in R290 Heat Pump Systems for Electric Vehicles

更新时间：2026-02-03

- Impact of Liquid Reservoir on Charging Performance in R290 Heat Pump Systems for Electric Vehicles
- Journal of Refrigeration Pages: 1-9(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院理化技术研究所北京 100190
  2. 中国科学院大学北京 100049
  3. 中国科学院理化技术研究所低温科学与技术全国重点实验室北京 100190
  4. 中国汽车工程学会北京 102607
  5. 浙江三花汽车零部件有限公司杭州 310018
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250923004
  CLC： TB61;U469.72
- CSTR：XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250923004
- Received：23 September 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-11-05，
  
  Accepted：20 November 2025，
  
  Published Online：03 February 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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孙尧,邵闻聪,王艳霞等.电动汽车R290热泵带储液罐系统的充注性能研究[J].制冷学报,

Sun Yao,Shao Wencong,Wang Yanxia,et al.Impact of Liquid Reservoir on Charging Performance in R290 Heat Pump Systems for Electric Vehicles[J].Journal of Refrigeration,
孙尧,邵闻聪,王艳霞等.电动汽车R290热泵带储液罐系统的充注性能研究[J].制冷学报, DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250923004. CSTR： XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250923004.

Sun Yao,Shao Wencong,Wang Yanxia,et al.Impact of Liquid Reservoir on Charging Performance in R290 Heat Pump Systems for Electric Vehicles[J].Journal of Refrigeration, DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250923004. CSTR： XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250923004.

摘要

针对配备储液罐的电动汽车R290热泵系统，研究了回热循环模式和补气循环模式下，制冷剂充注量对系统循环状态及性能的影响。通过系统实验发现，充注量增加过程中存在一段“平缓期”，此区间内系统循环状态基本不变且COP达到最大值，而平缓期外制冷剂蒸发压力、过冷度、蒸发器进口干度随充注量增加而升高，压缩机吸气及排气过热度下降。2种循环模式的平缓期充注量区间不同（回热循环260～290 g，补气循环270～300 g），主要由系统内部制冷剂密度分布差异导致。基于平缓期长度计算的储液罐有效储液占比分别为35.6%和36.1%，可作为储液罐性能评价指标。进一步分析发现，在包含平缓期的更宽充注量区间内存在性能平台期，系统制冷量和COP基本保持稳定，可量化系统在最佳性能下的可用充注量范围。通过对比2种循环模式的性能平台期，可确定全工况下的最佳公共充注量，本系统最优充注量为270 g。极端环境测试表明，在-20 ℃制热工况和43 ℃制冷工况下，系统均表现出良好性能，验证了所提出方法的有效性。

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of refrigerant charge on the cycle states and performance of an R290 heat pump system equipped with a liquid receiver for electric vehicles in both economizer and vapor-injection modes. Experimental results revealed a distinct “buffer period” during the charging process， within which the system cycle state remains essentially unchanged and the COP reaches its maximum. Outside this period， evaporating pressure， subcooling， and evaporator inlet dryness fraction increased with charging， whereas compressor suction and discharge superheats decreased. The buffer-period charge ranges differed between the two modes—260-290 g for the economizer cycle and 270-300 g for the vapor-injection cycle—primarily owing to differences in the internal refrigerant density distribution. Based on the buffer-period duration， the effective liquid storage ratios of the receiver were calculated to be 35.6% and 36.1%， respectively， providing a quantitative metric for evaluating the receiver performance. Further analysis identified a wider “performance plateau period，” during which the system cooling capacity and COP remained nearly constant， allowing quantification of the optimal charge range. By comparing the performance plateau periods of both cycles， the optimal common charge under all operating conditions was determined； for this system， it is 270 g. Extreme-condition tests showed that the system maintains good heating and cooling performance at -20 ℃ heating mode and 43 ℃ cooling mode， confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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references

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