Field Study on the Variation and Impact of the "Cold and Wet Island Effect" of Air-Source Heat Pumps under Different Array Scales

Liang Shimin; Wang Zhe; Gao Xuefeng; Yan Yueru; Wang Gang; Hu Songtao; Xu Ce

doi:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250723001

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Field Study on the Variation and Impact of the "Cold and Wet Island Effect" of Air-Source Heat Pumps under Different Array Scales

更新时间：2026-10-13

- Field Study on the Variation and Impact of the "Cold and Wet Island Effect" of Air-Source Heat Pumps under Different Array Scales
- Journal of Refrigeration Vol. 47, Issue 5, Pages: 81-91(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院青岛 266520
  2. 健康环境与低碳能源山东省工程研究中心青岛 266520
  3. 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司北京 100013
- 作者简介：
  
  Liang Shimin， male， associate professor， School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering， Qingdao University of Technology， 86-15066250675， E-mail： liangshimin@qut.edu.cn. Research fileds： renewable energy utilization， building energy efficiency， healthy sleeping.
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250723001
  CLC： TB61⁺1;TU832.1
- Received：23 July 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-08-28，
  
  Accepted：02 September 2025，
  
  Published：16 October 2026
- 稿件说明：
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梁士民,王哲,高学锋等.不同阵列规模下空气源热泵“冷湿岛效应”变化规律及影响实测研究[J].制冷学报,2026,47(05):81-91.

Liang Shimin,Wang Zhe,Gao Xuefeng,et al.Field Study on the Variation and Impact of the "Cold and Wet Island Effect" of Air-Source Heat Pumps under Different Array Scales[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2026,47(05):81-91.
梁士民,王哲,高学锋等.不同阵列规模下空气源热泵“冷湿岛效应”变化规律及影响实测研究[J].制冷学报,2026,47(05):81-91. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250723001.

Liang Shimin,Wang Zhe,Gao Xuefeng,et al.Field Study on the Variation and Impact of the "Cold and Wet Island Effect" of Air-Source Heat Pumps under Different Array Scales[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2026,47(05):81-91. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250723001.

摘要

随着空气源热泵在中大型供暖项目中的广泛应用，阵列规模不断扩大，阵列中心“冷湿岛效应”加剧，严重制约机组运行能效和供暖系统稳定性。为研究不同阵列规模的空气源热泵“冷湿岛效应”变化规律及影响，本文依托山东省威海市2个不同阵列规模空气源热泵阵列供暖项目，搭建现场测试平台，选取典型日工况与长期工况进行测试。结果表明：随着阵列规模从44台增至64台，阵列中心机组平均“冷岛效应”强度和“湿岛效应”强度分别增加1.5~2.7 ℃ 和0.3~0.9 ℃，平均除霜次数增加10~20次，平均制热能力衰减12.2%~19.4%，平均COP降低15.7%~16.6%，结除霜过程制热量损失系数ε

分别升高0.05~0.07，阵列中心“冷湿岛效应”加剧，除霜频率升高，制热性能大幅衰减。阵列外侧机组“冷岛效应”强度与“湿岛效应”强度无明显差异，ε

、平均制热量与平均COP基本保持不变，制热性能变化相对较小。本文揭示并量化了不同阵列规模的空气源热泵“冷湿岛效应”变化规律及影响，为空气源热泵规模化应用和高效运行提供数据支撑。

Abstract

With the expansion of air-source heat pump （ASHP） heating systems， ASHP arrays have become the main arrangement for medium-to large-scale heating projects， and their scales continue to expand with the increased demand for heating. However， larger array scales intensify the "cold and wet island （CWI） effect" at the array center， significantly reducing the unit efficiency and threatening the system stability. To investigate the variations of the CWI effect with array scale in ASHP systems， a field-testing platform is established based on two ASHP heating projects with different scales in Weihai， China. Tests under both typical daily and long-term conditions show that increasing the array scale from 44 to 64 units raises the average cold island and wet island intensities at the array center by 1.5-2.7 ℃ and 0.3-0.9 ℃， respectively. The defrost frequency is increased by 10-20 times， with average heating capacity declined by 12.2%-19.4%， COP decreased by 15.7%-16.6%， and heating loss coefficients increased by 0.05-0.07. These results indicate a significant intensification of the CWI effect at the center， leading to more frequent defrosting and reduced heating performance. In contrast， peripheral units show the negligible changes in CWI intensities， heating capacity， COP， and defrosting losses. This study quantifies the CWI effect at different array scales， providing data support for the large-scale application and efficient operation of ASHP systems.

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references

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