Research on the Control Strategy of the Hot Gas Bypass Cycle in Low-Temperature Heating Scenarios for Electric Vehicle Air Conditioners

Zhang Tian; Kan Wang; Li Yalun; Zhang Hui; Ruan Xun; Cao Haomin; Ding Guoliang

doi:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250619004

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Research on the Control Strategy of the Hot Gas Bypass Cycle in Low-Temperature Heating Scenarios for Electric Vehicle Air Conditioners

更新时间：2026-01-21

- Research on the Control Strategy of the Hot Gas Bypass Cycle in Low-Temperature Heating Scenarios for Electric Vehicle Air Conditioners
- Journal of Refrigeration Pages: 1-12(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.广东美芝制冷设备有限公司顺德 528333
  2. 上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院上海 200240
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250619004
  CLC： U469.72;TB61⁺1;TB65
- CSTR：XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250619004
- Received：19 June 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-09-18，
  
  Accepted：22 September 2025，
  
  Online First：04 January 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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张添,阚望,李亚伦等.面向电动汽车空调低温制热场景的热气旁通型热泵循环控制策略研究[J].制冷学报,

Zhang Tian,Kan Wang,Li Yalun,et al.Research on the Control Strategy of the Hot Gas Bypass Cycle in Low-Temperature Heating Scenarios for Electric Vehicle Air Conditioners[J].Journal of Refrigeration,
张添,阚望,李亚伦等.面向电动汽车空调低温制热场景的热气旁通型热泵循环控制策略研究[J].制冷学报, DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250619004. CSTR： XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250619004.

Zhang Tian,Kan Wang,Li Yalun,et al.Research on the Control Strategy of the Hot Gas Bypass Cycle in Low-Temperature Heating Scenarios for Electric Vehicle Air Conditioners[J].Journal of Refrigeration, DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250619004. CSTR： XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250619004.

摘要

电动汽车乘员舱的冬季供暖依赖车用空调系统，需要将出风温度快速提高到设定值。目前车用空调系统普遍采用逆卡诺型热泵循环，在低温环境下存在制热量不足的问题，导致冷启动时出风温度无法快速达到设定值。为了使车用空调系统在低温制热工况下提供足够的制热量，采用热气旁通型热泵循环代替逆卡诺型热泵循环，将高压侧制冷剂旁通至低压侧，提高压缩机的吸气压力，保证压缩机在低温制热工况下稳定运行。本文提出了分阶段的热气旁通制热控制思路，在系统中增加排气节流阀，缩短了高压的建立时长。建立了基于R290的热气旁通型热泵循环仿真模型，并搭建了实验台对仿真模型进行标定。仿真研究了热气旁通型与逆卡诺型热泵循环在低温制热时的性能差异，并在此基础上验证控制策略的优化效果。结果表明：在-25 ℃和-20 ℃低温工况下，热气旁通型热泵循环制热性能优于逆卡诺型热泵循环；对比优化前的控制策略，优化后的控制策略可以将出风温度达到设定值所需的时长缩短36%。

Abstract

Winter heating of passenger compartments in electric vehicles relies on vehicle air-conditioning systems， in which the air outlet temperature must be rapidly increased to the set value. These systems typically adopt a reverse Carnot heat-pump cycle， which does not achieve sufficient heating capacity in low-temperature environments， thus preventing the air outlet temperature from rapidly reaching the set temperature during cold starts. To ensure that the system provides sufficient heating capacity under these conditions， a hot-gas bypass heat-pump cycle was used to replace the reverse Carnot heat-pump cycle. By bypassing the refrigerant from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side， the suction pressure of the compressor was increased， ensuring stable operation of the compressor under low-temperature heating conditions. A staged hot-gas-bypass heat-control strategy， with an additional exhaust throttle valve to reduce the time required to establish high pressure， is proposed. A simulation model of a this proposed system， using R290 as the refrigerant， was established， and a test bench was built to calibrate the simulation model. Using this simulation， differences between the hot-gas-bypass heat-pump cycle and the reverse Carnot heat-pump cycle were examined， and the effects of the optimization strategy were verified. Under low-temperature conditions （-25 ℃ and -20 ℃）， the proposed system achieved better heating performance than the reverse Carnot heat pump cycle. Relative to the pre-optimization control strategy， the proposed optimized hot-gas-bypass heat-pump cycle control strategy reduces the time required for the air outlet temperature to reach the target temperature by 36%.

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references

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