Simulation and Optimization of Data-Center Cooling System with Naturally Cooled Reservoir Water

Li Changzhi; Tang Shaoying; Xie Dongmei; Liu Qingqing; Wu Xueyuan; Shao Shuangquan

doi:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250522003

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Simulation and Optimization of Data-Center Cooling System with Naturally Cooled Reservoir Water

更新时间：2026-08-06

- Simulation and Optimization of Data-Center Cooling System with Naturally Cooled Reservoir Water
- Journal of Refrigeration Vol. 47, Issue 4, Pages: 62-70(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.数字广西集团有限公司南宁 530022
  2. 广西江才数字科技有限公司南宁 530000
  3. 华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院武汉 430074
  4. 广东省电信规划设计院有限公司广州 510660
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52076085)
- DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250522003
  CLC： TU83;TP308
- CSTR：XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250522003
- Received：22 May 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-06-02，
  
  Accepted：04 June 2025，
  
  Online First：09 February 2026，
  
  Published：16 August 2026
- 稿件说明：
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李长智,唐少瀛,谢冬梅等.湖水自然冷却数据中心制冷系统模拟与优化研究[J].制冷学报,2026,47(04):62-70.

Li Changzhi,Tang Shaoying,Xie Dongmei,et al.Simulation and Optimization of Data-Center Cooling System with Naturally Cooled Reservoir Water[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2026,47(04):62-70.
李长智,唐少瀛,谢冬梅等.湖水自然冷却数据中心制冷系统模拟与优化研究[J].制冷学报,2026,47(04):62-70. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250522003. CSTR： XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250522003.

Li Changzhi,Tang Shaoying,Xie Dongmei,et al.Simulation and Optimization of Data-Center Cooling System with Naturally Cooled Reservoir Water[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2026,47(04):62-70. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250522003. CSTR： XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250522003.

摘要

随着数据中心向智算化转型，单机柜功耗密度提升，冷却能耗占比高，降低数据中心电能使用效率至关重要。本文提出一种结合自然水源与液冷技术的冷却系统，以广西来宾某数据中心为研究对象，构建系统模型，分析不同控制方式和运行条件下的系统性能，并与常规水冷冷水机组冷却系统对比。研究表明：冷冻水泵控制送风温度能耗更低，节能约10% 且利于余热利用；冷却水泵控制冷冻水供水温度更节能，但节能率随水库水温的升高而下降；自然水源冷却系统全年节能率达73.5%，制冷负载系数为0.05，低于常规系统；送风温度设定点高时系统能耗波动小，综合考虑选取 28 ℃较合适。该研究为绿色节能数据中心冷却系统设计提供了参考。

Abstract

Owing to the transformation of data centers toward intelligent computing， the power density per cabinet has increased， leading to an increment in the proportion of cooling-energy consumption. Reducing the power-usage effectiveness （PUE） of data centers is crucial. This study proposes a cooling system that combines natural water sources with liquid-cooling technology. Considering a data center in Laibin， Guangxi as the research object， a system model is constructed to analyze the system performance under different control methods and operating conditions. Subsequently， it is compared with conventional water-cooled chiller cooling systems. The result shows that controlling the supply-air temperature through the chilled-water pump reduces energy consumption by approximately 10% energy and facilitates waste-heat utilization. Additionally， controlling the chilled water-supply temperature through the cooling water pump is more energy efficient， although the energy-saving ratio decreases as the reservoir water temperature increases. The natural water-source cooling system achieves an annual energy-saving rate of 73.5% with a cooling load factor of 0.05， which is lower than that of the conventional system. When the supply-air temperature setpoint is higher， the system energy consumption fluctuates less. Based on a comprehensive consideration， 28 ℃ is a suitable temperature. This study provides a reference for the design of green and energy-efficient data-center cooling systems.

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references

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