| 摘要: |
| 纯电动汽车在冬季运行时，其采暖负荷将造成续航里程严重缩短。因此，确定电动汽车空调在冬季时的负荷特性对于指导设计和控制尤为重要。对此本文使用热平衡法对电动汽车稳态负荷特性进行了实验研究，结果发现：冬季采暖负荷主要由新风负荷与车体围护结构导热负荷构成，其中新风负荷占主要部分，该负荷随车速、及鼓风机风量的增加而增加。-20 ℃环境中，随车速及鼓风机档位变化，新风负荷占比为56.2%~84.8%。基于此，进一步分析计算了冬季采暖负荷及制热效率对于纯电动汽车的里程影响：NEDC工况下，冬季使用PTC取暖将会使得续航里程下降20.1%~56.4%，而使用热泵将显著延长续航里程，当热泵效率1.7时，可延长里程7.4%~13.2%。 |
| 关键词: 热负荷 热泵 电动汽车 续航里程 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目: |
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| A Study on Heat Load Character of EV in Cold Climate |
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Zhang Ziqi, Li Wanyong, Zhang Chengquan, Shi Junye, Chen Jiangping
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| (Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University) |
| Abstract: |
| Due to heating demands, the range of Electric Vehicles (EVs) will significantly decrease when used in cold climate. A study on character of EV heating load is present in this paper, and a new experimental method of heating load evaluation is provided. The heating load of EV was experimentally evaluated and modeled. The ventilation load is responsible for most of the heating load. Under -20 ℃ the ventilation load accounts for 56.2%-84.4% of total load, which is changed with vehicle velocity and blower level. Then the effect of heating load on EV NEDC range was calculated. It can be concluded that the PTC heater will cause a 20.1%-56.4% decrease in NEDC range, while using heat pump to meet the requirement of heating will greatly improve the NEDC range. A 7.4%-13.2% extension can be achieved with a heat pump COP of 1.7. |
| Key words: heat load heat pump electric vehicle range |
