| 摘要: |
| 满足节能设计要求的建筑运行后的空调能耗评价，往往由于用户使用行为的不同，缺乏统一衡量标准，从而导致偏差和误判。因此，本文综合考虑了住宅空调设定温度、空调运行天数和日运行小时数三个因素，提出了空调运行度时数指标。结合长江流域地区住宅空调的使用特点，确定各因素取值，并利用聚类分析，将空调使用行为水平分为经济型、舒适型和高耗型。通过计算得到了典型城市的运行度时数及三类空调行为临界值。此外，根据住宅实际的空调运行度时数接近其所在空调行为类别中对应临界值的程度，提出了相对能耗指标，实现了不同建筑能耗水平的相互对比。以不同地区的两栋住宅建筑为例，验证了运行度时数指标的可行性，可决系数R2均在0.93以上。并说明了该评价方法在住宅建筑空调能耗后评估中的应用，对不同地区两个实例的空调用能特性和相对能耗水平进行了分析，结果表明，两住宅相对能耗指标分别为9.8%、73.1%。剥离气象条件和空调使用行为的影响，住宅1的建筑本体更节能。 |
| 关键词: 住宅建筑 空调使用行为 运行度时数 能耗评估 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2020-11-17 修订日期：2021-03-15
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| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划（2016YFC0700306）资助项目。 |
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| Evaluation Method of the Operational Degree Hours of Air Conditioning Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings |
| Bai Xuelian,Zhang Xin,Jin Chaoqiang,Liang Ruofei |
| (School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University;China United Engineering Corporation Limited;Chongqing Jinteng Real Estate Development Corporation Limited) |
| Abstract: |
| To evaluate whether air conditioning energy consumption after building operations meet the requirements of an energy-saving design, lacks a unified standard owing to the different usage behaviors, which often results in deviations and miscalculations. Based on this research background, this study proposes an index of air conditioning operation degree hours by combining three factors: air conditioning set temperature, operation days, and daily operation hours. Combined with the characteristics of residential air conditioning in the Yangtze River region, the air conditioning behavior is divided into economic, comfortable, and high consumption types. The operation degree hours of typical cities and the critical values of the three models were calculated. A relative energy consumption index is proposed by comparing the actual air-conditioning operation degree hours of residences with the corresponding critical value in the air conditioning behavior mode, and the energy consumption levels can be compared with each other. Taking two residential buildings in different areas as examples, the reliability and effectiveness of the operation degree hours were verified, and the R-squared was above 0.93. The application of this evaluation method of air conditioning energy consumption in residential buildings is illustrated, and the energy consumption characteristics of air conditioning and relative energy consumption level of two cases in different regions were analyzed. The results show that the relative energy consumption indices is 9.8% and 73.1% for Residences 1 and 2, respectively. Residence 1 is more energy-efficient, excluding the influence of weather conditions and air-conditioning behavior. |
| Key words: residential building air conditioning usage behavior operational degree hours energy consumption evaluation |
