| 摘要: |
| 为满足开放式遗址展厅游客与文物的不同环境需求，本文提出文物区采用置换通风系统与游客区采用舒适性空调系统相结合的调控模式（即游客区-文物区调控模式），参照兵马俑遗址博物馆展厅及葬坑文物区几何尺寸，搭建了模拟展示厅与环境调控实验系统，实验研究了遗址展示厅处于自然通风、游客区单独环境调控、文物区单独调控以及游客区-文物区调控4种模式下，空间环境参数分布特性及文物保存环境平衡特性。结果表明：自然通风模式下文物区坑底温度波动值达3.0 ℃，平均相对湿度也超过了90%，同时开馆期间游客区的平均温度高达36.5 ℃，不能满足文物和游客的热舒适性要求；单一的游客区空调系统和文物区置换通风调控系统，均只能改善调控区域的局部环境参数；游客区-文物区调控模式可以同时满足游客与文物的调控需求，此外遗址文物的土壤与空气两种环境介质间的温差降至0.4 ℃，基本实现了文物保存环境介质之间的平衡。 |
| 关键词: 文物保护 遗址博物馆 置换通风 调控模式 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:陕西省自然基金项目（2018JM5091）；北京建筑大学未来城市设计高精尖创新中心开放课题（No.30）；陕西省重点科技创新团队计划项目（No.2016KCT-14）资助。 |
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| Environmental Control Model for Visitors’ and Relics’ Area in Archaeology Museum |
| Luo Xilian,Li Juan,Yu Yuhui,Zhang Qunli |
| (School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University;School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture) |
| Abstract: |
| With an aimof resolving the problem of conflicting thermal environmental needs of visitors and relics conservation, we propose a differentiation environmental control strategy that employs a displacement ventilation system for relics preservation area and thermal comfort air-conditioning system for visitors’ area, simultaneously satisfying both the requirements. An experimental hall with environmental control systems was built to simulate the exhibition hall of Emperor Qinshihuang’s mausoleum archaeology museum. The temperature distribution of indoor thermal environmental parameters and relics preservation environment balance characteristics for the test cases with natural ventilation, independent environmental control for visitors’ area, local environmental control for relics preservation area, and differentiation control for visitors and relics preservation area were investigated and compared. Results showed that in the case of natural ventilation, the temperature fluctuation and average relative humidity of the relics preservation area reached up to 3°C and 90%, respectively. Meanwhile, the average temperature of the visitors’ area reached up to 36.5 ℃, which indicates that the natural ventilation was incapable of satisfying the environmental needs for both the relics preservation area and visitors. A single operation of the thermal comfort air-conditioning system or the displacement ventilation system could only provide a desired environment for the prescribed area. On the contrary, the differentiation control strategy could not only satisfy the requirements of the visitors’ and relics simultaneously but also created an environmental balance between the soil and air environments, where the temperature difference between the two decreased to only 0.4 ℃. |
| Key words: relics preservation archaeology museum displacement ventilation environmental control mode |
