In this study

using a direct evaporation indoor CO

2

artificial ice rink as the research object

we establish a mathematical model for the stable temperature field of the indoor ice rink to analyze the influence of mass flux

tube spacing

oil content

and other factors on ice surface temperature and ice temperature difference when the evaporating temperature is -13 ℃ in a 12.7 mm diameter copper pipe. Results show that an increase in the lubricating oil content increases the pressure drop in the pipe and the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the ice surface. However

because the pipe diameter and mass flux investigated in this study are relatively large

the influence range is small. The temperature distribution on the ice surface is mainly affected by the distance between the cooling pipes and the mass flux. The temperature difference of the ice surface increases with an increase in tube spacing and mass flux. To ensure a temperature difference of the ice surface less than 0.5 ℃

the recommended mass flux should be less than 200 kg/(m

2

·s)

and the tube spacing should be less than 90 mm.