To maintain a suitable working temperature range for power batteries and ensure their safe and efficient operation in various application scenarios

a cold plate and a submerged cooling system were designed for a standard box power-battery pack. The structure was optimized

and the cooling performance of the cold plate and the submerged cooling system was compared and examined. After structure optimization

the outlet pressure drop of the battery pack cooled by the cold plate was 30 Pa

with a maximum surface temperature of the battery at 31.65 ℃ and a maximum surface temperature difference of the battery being 6.51 ℃. The battery pack with immersion cooling was surrounded by a 2 mm electrical insulating fluid around the battery. The fluid filling capacity of the standard box was 10.93 L. The outlet pressure drop was 22 Pa. The maximum temperature of the battery surface was 28.49 ℃

and the maximum temperature difference on the battery surface was 2.39 ℃. Comparing the simulation and test results

the deviation for each data was within 2%

indicating high accuracy in the simulation model. The cooling effect of the optimized immersion cooling system was better than that of the original cold plate cooling system

and the inlet flow rate was reduced from 4 L/min to 2 L/min

which further reduced the pumping power of the working fluid. Furthermore

the maximum temperature difference on the battery surface was reduced by 4.12 ℃

enhancing temperature uniformity across the battery surface. This study shows that compared with cold plate cooling

immersion cooling has a more obvious effect on reducing the average surface temperature

maximum temperature

and surface temperature difference of a battery.