With carbon neutrality becoming the strategic goal leading the sustainable development in China

reducing energy consumption and improving the efficiency and purification efficiency of HVAC systems are urgent issues that need to be resolved in the new era. The gas-liquid heat and mass transfer performance of TiO2-Ag nanofluid was investigated; the heat and mass transfer characteristics of nanofluids in different fluent states such as “bubbling” “spraying” and “filling” were explored; and the effects of the system parameters on the enhancement of heat and mass transfer were analyzed. The results show that the bubbling condition has a better gas-liquid heat transfer effect than the spray and filling conditions. Consequently

the setting of the gas flow rate should consider both the stability and gas-liquid contact time to obtain the best heat and mass transfer effects. Therefore

in this experiment

the optimal inlet gas flow rate was set to 4 L/min. The system showed an effectively enhanced heat and mass transfer and could serve as a significant reference for engineering applications.