This study designs and establishes a solar-air dual heat source heat pump system based on a micro-heat pipe array to ensure the stable operation of the multiple heat source heat pump system under complex operating conditions and further optimize the reasonable and efficient energy matching among the system components. A mathematical model of the system is established using the centralized parameter method. The model validation and analysis are based on experimental data from four aspects: system power-generation efficiency

heat-collection efficiency

heating capacity

and heat pump COP. The influence of parameters such as solar irradiance and ambient temperature on the performance of heat pump systems in the photovoltaic/thermal-water & air-source heat pump (PV/T-W&ASHP) operation mode is investigated using the control variable method

and the operational characteristics are comprehensively evaluated. The results show that the proposed mathematical model has considerable accuracy

and the relative errors between the simulated and experimental values are all between ±15%. The average values of the power-generation efficiency and heat-collection efficiency under the PV/T-W&ASHP operation mode are 13.91% and 41.14%

respectively

and the average COP is 2.29. Moreover

when irradiance and ambient temperature are considered a single variable of 500 W/m2 and 15 °C

the system COP is improved by 21% and 29.8%

respectively.