Solid surface vitrification (SSV) has been increasingly applied in the field of cell cryopreservation. However

most studies based on empirical experimentations have not included simulation analysis and physical mechanism explanation

consequently affecting the universality of the designs and innovation efficiency in SSV-related technologies. This study focused on the non-isothermal crystallization characteristics and established a thermal diffusion model of SSV coupled with a non-isothermal crystallization source. A propylene glycol solution with the mass fraction of 35% was selected as the sample for analysis. Additionally

the effects of the pre-cooling temperature

sample volume

and sample shape on the temperature and crystallization characteristics of the SSV method were investigated. The results show that the established model can directly reveal change patterns of the temperature and the crystallinity inside the sample during the freezing process. The region most likely to undergo crystallization is located at the upper part of the sample away from the precooled surface

and the most crystallizable region is not necessarily located at the top of the droplet sample. Furthermore

vitrification of the sample is easier to achieve because of the lower precooling temperature

smaller sample volume

and flatter shape.