On the front-end cooling module of electric vehicles (EVs)

geometric models of the low-temperature radiator (LTR) with inclination angles of 0°

15°

30°

45°

and 60° were established and numerically simulated. At the same flow rate

the larger the inclination angle

the better the heat transfer of the LTR

the higher the resistance

and the lower the comprehensive performance

as verified by the test results. By fixing the position of the air-inlet grille

geometric models of the LTR with a shroud at different inclination angles were established for simulation. With an increase in the inclination angle

the shroud resistance decreased; the airflow distribution uniformity and heat transfer performance of the LTR were improved; the resistance increased

and the comprehensive performance decreased. By optimizing the shroud structure

the flow distribution was improved; the flow resistances of the shroud and LTR were reduced

which led to improved heat exchange. It was concluded that the larger the inclination angle

the better the comprehensive performance of the cooling module. Comprehensively considering the arrangement of the front compartment

an inclination angle between 45° and 60° was more applicable.