Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals have been set

and the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol has officially come into force. The vigorous development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles has become an important means of energy conservation and emission reduction in the transportation sector. Nevertheless

current fuel cell vehicles have problems including a narrow operating temperature range

the greenhouse effect produced by the thermal management working fluid

and low efficiency owing to the independent thermal management system. Thus

based on a transcritical CO2 heat pump

a novel thermal management scheme was proposed that uses multiple control algorithms and combines the thermal management systems of vehicle cabins and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). AMESim was used to simulate this system. After a comprehensive analysis

the results showed that the integrated thermal management system can ensure that the cabin and battery quickly reach and maintain their respective ideal temperature. Compared with a traditional independent thermal management system

the new system has better energy utilization efficiency over the entire operating range

with greater overall efficiency and energy savings.