最新刊期
卷 40 ， 期 5 ， 2019
- 摘要：Air source heat pump,as an important heating and air-conditioning equipment, is widely used in various types of buildings in China.The different climate and building load characteristics within different zones create a gap between the demand for coolingand heatingbecause China is a large country with several climate zones. Therefore, providing different air source heat source products for different zones becomes an important measure toward promoting the orderly and healthy development of air source heat pump technology and industry. Based on the air source heat pump characteristics, China’s climate and load characteristics, and development of Chinese and internationalstandards on air source heat pump, this study expounded the necessity of designing different air source heat pumps in different zones and proposed a corresponding plan. It is suggested that the heating performance of air source heat pumps in different climate zones in China should be designed with different outdoor heating conditions, i.e., nominalheating design conditions; nonetheless, the cooling performance can be determined by a uniform condition. On this basis, the nominal outdoor heating and cooling conditions, nominal heating/cooling ratio, and theoretical compression ratio and displacement of the air source heat pumps for different zones, as well as the development of the air source heat pumpwere analyzedin this study.关键词：air source heat pump;nominal condition;heating/cooling capacity ratio;compression ratio;theoretical displacement26454|15208|5发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：The principle and various system types for implementing refrigerant injection technology, such as the liquid injection cycle, subcooler vapor injection cycle, and flash tank vapor injection cycle, are introduced to optimize the performance of air source heat pumps operating under low-temperature and high-temperature conditions. A summary of research conducted in line with the various refrigerant injection technologies aimed at improving the system performance and related structural and operational parameter optimizations, both on the systemand component level, was provided herein. Moreover, experiment and simulation studies on alternative refrigerant on R32, R410A, R417A, R1234yf, and R290/R600a for various types of system with refrigerant injection technology were also reviewed. The progress of research for compressors’ structural improvement was additionally covered, involving those of scroll and rotary compressors. A commonly agreed point in vapor injection technology is its ability to enhance the heating performance of air source heat pump operating at low temperatures. Nowadays, an increasing number of researches are focusing on how new forms of system with refrigerant injection technology can improve the heating performance of heat pumps. However, seldom deal on enhancing the cooling performance operation at high temperatures can be found. Finally, in terms of the development situations and difficulties encountered in implementing refrigerant injection technology, the research and development directions of refrigerant injection technology are envisioned.关键词：air source heat pump;vapor injection;liquid injection;quasi-two-stage compression;subcooler;performance optimization;refrigerant substitution22550|8051|4发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：A novel air source heat pump systemthat operates efficiently during winter and improvesits performance during summer has been proposed. Based on the experimental results, the regeneration mode and regression analysis of the experimental data were obtained. The relative error of the two formulaswas relatively low, which exhibited a high degree of fitting. The average relative error of regeneration quantity and regeneration efficiency was 0.31% and 0.56%, respectively. Moreover, a correlation analysis was conducted to determine the effects of air volume flow rate, solution temperature, solution volume flow rate, and solution mass fraction on the regeneration performance of the system. The corresponding results demonstrated an increase in the regeneration rate with an increase in the outdoor air flow rate, solution temperature, and solution volume flow rate, and a decrease in the solution mass fraction. In addition, the regeneration efficiency increased by 26.00% and 13.63% with a decrease in the air volume flow rate andan increasein the solution volume flow rate, respectively. Within the scope of this study, regeneration rate demonstrated an increment of 26.30% with an increase in the solution volume flow rateand a decrement of 6.10% with an increase in solution mass fraction, respectively, whereas the solution temperature and mass fraction were found to have slight influence on it.关键词：regeneration;frost-free;air source heat pump;experimental validation22150|9423|2发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：An outline of the working principle of separated heat pipe loop and its application potential in refrigeration and air conditioning area has been provided herein. A heat pipe loop with seven parallel branches was investigated experimentally for the performance of fuel pool cooling, along with the impact of the liquid filling ratio in the heat pipe loop with R134a as working fluid. Experimental results showed an optimal liquid filling ratio in the heat pipe loop of approximately 42.3%; accordingly, the pool temperature, evaporation temperature in the tube, and heat transfer coefficient increased with a higher temperature inside the water tank within the heating power range of 780–2 560 W. The flow distribution of branches in both evaporation and condensation sections was uneven with a certain difference in heat transfer performance among the parallel branches. The largest heat transfer coefficient was found in the No.1 branch pipe of the evaporation section, which was 1.68 times that of the No.7, with 42.3% liquid filling ratio and 1 680 W heating power.关键词：separated heat pipe;coefficient of heat transfer;parallel branches;filling ratio22131|7196|0发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：The performance of a single crew expander, which is among the most suitable types of expander in the organic Rankine cycle system, plays an important role in the system. One of the essential factors influencing a single crew expander performance is heat loss. This study experimentally investigated the heat losses of shell and lubricating oil based on the different inlet parameters of the single screw expander. Results demonstrated that the heat loss in the single screw expander would increase with higher inlet temperature within the 80–123 ℃ range. Heat loss in lubricating oils was found to be the main form of heat loss, increasing from 0.5 to 1.05 kW. In addition, an increase in the inlet temperature would lead to a greater expansion ratio of the single screw expander, eventually leading to an increase inthe output power. On the contrary, the proportion of each heat loss decreased. In particular, the shell and lubricating oil heat loss ratio decreased from 5.1% to 2.5% and from 16.1% to 9.5%, respectively, when the inlet temperature increased from 80 ℃ to 123 ℃. This indicates that with an improvement in the performance of the single screw expander, even when the heat loss increased, its effect on the performance of the expander tend to decrease gradually.关键词：single screw expander;heat loss;heat loss ratio;performance22020|6966|0发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：Coupled dual-loop system has been shownto possess energy-saving potential in the domestic refrigerator domain. However, whether the system could operate steadily under designed conditions and how efficiently the system performs under national standard testing condition have not been taken into account. This study investigated the operating parameters of two refrigerator prototypes, wherein the power consumption of one prototype was tested and compared to an existing product. Results revealed that when the system was operated with coupled dual-loop, the condensing pressure of two refrigerators would increase by 23 and 40kPa, respectively, in comparison with the case prior to the coupling. Moreover, increments of 18 and 32 kPa for the evaporating pressure of the separate refrigerators were obtained, which were accompanied by the corresponding increases in the outlet temperatures of condenser and evaporator. These increments were attributed to the cooling load of the refrigerators. From the viewpoint of the freezer, the coupling operation would decrease the condensing pressure and degree of subcooling at the condenser outlet. The condensing pressure and degree of subcooling of the freezer with prototype I decreased by 27 kPa and 1.4 ℃ after coupling, respectively. Furthermore, as the initial degree of subcooling of the freezer with prototype II was insufficiently large, the condensing pressure of the freezer decreased by approximately 160 kPa after the coupling operation, which waseven lower than the saturated pressure of the ambient temperature, which finally resulted in a no-latent heat exchange in the condenser. Under standard conditions, the energy-consumption tests showed that the efficiency of the new refrigerator is 8% higher than that before the alternation.关键词：refrigerator/freezer;energy saving;dual-loop;degree of subcooling11457|2452|1发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：Modifying the air duct structure can effectively improve the air flow inside self-pickup freezers and optimize their thermal environment performance. Under the M-test package condition, air duct structures were modified separately with respect to axial baffle angle (30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°), perforation rate (6%, 8%, and 10%), and opening mode of the back orifice plate (non-uniform openings with upper sparse and lower dense, lower centralized openings, and equally spaced openings). Ten types of models were established and compared to determine the optimal structure model. Simulation results of the original structure (axial baffle angle of 45°, centralized openings, and perforation rate of 6%) were compared with the measured results to verify the correctness of the model. Both the numerical simulation and experimental verification show that the uniformity at α= 60° is 23% higher than that at 45°, velocity uniformity of non-uniform opening is 4.8% higher than that of the uniform openings, and overall uniformity is 5.1% higher than that of the original 6% when φ=8%. Therefore, airflow in the freezer is well organized and thermal environment performance is the best when the baffle angle of the axial fan was α=60°, non-uniform opening of the back orifice plate was considered, and perforation rate φ=8%.关键词：self-pickup freezers;air duct structure;angle of fan baffle;air supply orifice plate;evaluation index21501|6929|0发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：With an aimof resolving the problem of conflicting thermal environmental needs of visitors and relics conservation, we propose a differentiation environmental control strategy that employs a displacement ventilation system for relics preservation area and thermal comfort air-conditioning system for visitors’ area, simultaneously satisfying both the requirements. An experimental hall with environmental control systems was built to simulate the exhibition hall of Emperor Qinshihuang’s mausoleum archaeology museum. The temperature distribution of indoor thermal environmental parameters and relics preservation environment balance characteristics for the test cases with natural ventilation, independent environmental control for visitors’ area, local environmental control for relics preservation area, and differentiation control for visitors and relics preservation area were investigated and compared. Results showed that in the case of natural ventilation, the temperature fluctuation and average relative humidity of the relics preservation area reached up to 3°C and 90%, respectively. Meanwhile, the average temperature of the visitors’ area reached up to 36.5 ℃, which indicates that the natural ventilation was incapable of satisfying the environmental needs for both the relics preservation area and visitors. A single operation of the thermal comfort air-conditioning system or the displacement ventilation system could only provide a desired environment for the prescribed area. On the contrary, the differentiation control strategy could not only satisfy the requirements of the visitors’ and relics simultaneously but also created an environmental balance between the soil and air environments, where the temperature difference between the two decreased to only 0.4 ℃.关键词：relics preservation;archaeology museum;displacement ventilation;environmental control mode21417|6659|1发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：This study investigated some of the major factors influencing subway PM pollutants under air-conditioning conditions through field measurements and CFD simulations on a Shanghai subway station. Based on the principle of the air-conditioning system, the particle concentrations at the air supply outlet, return air outlet and the screen door creates a direct impact on particle concentration of the platform. Dust accumulation at the fresh air shaft is found to be a secondary dusting action when the fresh air is supplied, which leads to ahigher particle concentration in the subway station than that in outdoor air. Each factor’s influence on the platform particle concentration was analyzed through the orthogonal test. Results confirmed that the particle concentrations at air outlet and platform screen door, along with the supply air and return air velocity, significantly influenced theparticle concentration at platform; while the temperature ofsupplyair , platform screen door and the platform has little impacts on the particle concentration at platform.关键词：subway platform;air-conditioning system;the screen door;PM;orthogonal test21472|7038|0发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：As annual performance factor (APF) becomes the energy efficiency index of inverter air conditioners, the amount of working conditions to be tested for each air conditioner has greatly increased from one to five, which means that experiment-based maximization of the energy efficiency index may result in too heavy experimental tasks. This studyaims to introduce a method for maximizing the APF of an inverter air conditioner, which can calculate the maximum APF quickly according to a set of testing data. In this method, an APF explicit formula was deduced from complicated and implicit expressions in the Chinese Standards and was taken as the objective function for optimal calculation. Subsequently, the APF constraint equations were deduced according to the Chinese Standard and structural parameters of air conditioners and were taken as constraint conditions. Finally, an optimization algorithm is established for calculating the maximum APF and best combinations of capacity and energy efficiency of five working conditions. Moreover, an application example of a typical inverter air conditioner using the new method was provided, along with the operation steps, andthe value of APF increased by 6.37% in comparison with the originally measured value.关键词：energy efficiency index;room air conditioner;inverter;APF;optimal solution21425|9210|3发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：A blade server with fin heat sink was set as the research object of a cooling experiment and its performance was evaluated via an electronic thermal analysis module from 6SigmaDC software. The heat dissipation of the heat sink was simulated using different equipment parameters in blade server. The analysis concentrated on the effects of influencing factors such as fin height, number of teeth, fin thickness, on the heat dissipation performance of the heat sink. Through a comparative analysis, the optimal structure parameters of fin heat sink and lowest temperature of the chip were obtained through air cooling. Nevertheless, better results were achieved by chip cooling. A water-cooled cold plate model was constructed with the same blade server. In comparison with the temperature of the chip cooled by heat sink, the results indicated that the liquid cooling performance was 1.3 times as that ofthe air cooling. Thus, a hybrid cooling method of air and liquid cooling was proposed to provide a theoretical reference for the cooling design of the blade server.关键词：blade server;fin heat sink;air cooling;liquid cooling;air/liquid hybrid cooling21638|7650|4发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：Cylindrical fin-tube is a new type of heat exchanger, and its mathematical calculation model has not been researched sufficiently. This study establishesa row-parameter model to realize the numerical calculation of cylindrical fin-tube heat exchangers, i.e., the exchanger is divided into a network of single-row heat exchange tubes andeach row is regarded as a heat exchanging unit. The numerical method presents an iterative solution of heat transfer equations using dichotomy method. The convergence problem in the iterative solution of single-row tubes was discussed in detail. Two iterative criteria were mentioned to guarantee the correct lower limit of the iteration variable (inlet temperature of water of each row). The algorithm was verified, and the results showed that the lower limit of the iteration variable is a linearly increasing function of the inlet water temperature of the heat exchanger. Moreover, for pipelines close to the water outlet of the heat exchanger, the lower limit temperature is higher than the total inlet temperature, which means that the algorithm has practical physical meaning, and could avoid the iteration into the unreasonable interval.关键词：cylindrical fin-tube heat exchanger;sub-row-parameter model;convergence;water inlet temperature22469|6942|2发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：A flat-plate microheat pipe was applied to an IGBT radiator of metro converter, resulting in a new flat-plate microheat pipe radiator design. The mathematical model was established through a reasonable simplification of the physical model. The traditional fin radiator and flat microheat pipe radiator were simulated and compared by ICEPAK software, and the correctness of the calculation was verified via experiments. Results showed that the flat-plate microheat pipe radiator greatly improves the radiation efficiency of the radiator. Specifically, the maximum temperature of the flat-plate micro heat pipe radiator was 70.27 ℃ or 25.79 ℃ lower than that of the traditional fin radiator. The theoretical calculation results showed that the IGBT junction temperature was 110.23 ℃, meeting the working requirements of the IGBT. Furthermore, there is a good agreement between the results of the numerical simulation and experiments, as indicated by the maximum temperature error of 7.07%. Practically, this study provides an important research method that could be a basis for the design and application of flat-plate microheat pipe radiator.关键词：converter;radiator;heat pipe;numerical simulation20628|6403|2发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：A new type of solid desiccant air-conditioning technology based on desiccant coated heat exchanger overcomes the shortcoming of rotary desiccant air-conditioning systems, such as nonisothermal dehumidification. It can make full use of a large quantity of industrial waste heat that is slightly higher than environmental temperature (30°C–60°C), and has great energy-saving potential. Focusing on the research subject of this novel solid desiccant air-conditioning technology, this studysummarized some important advances in recent years from three aspects, i.e., desiccant materials, heat and mass transfer process, and solid desiccant air-conditioning systems. Related scientific problems and challenges were discussed. The development of desiccant that possesses high adsorption quantity, good regeneration ability at approximately 40°C, and noncorrosive property is the premise to improving the technology. Investigation on mechanism of heat and mass transfer between air and different types of desiccant is the key to the technology. Finally, potential future research directions are pointed out based on the development trend of refrigeration, air conditioning, and material science. In this way, the application of this novel solid desiccant air-conditioning technology in the fields of industrial waste heat utilization, environmental humidity treatment, fresh air handling unit, and air conditioning can be anticipated and promoted.关键词：industrial waste heat;air-conditioning system;dehumidification;heat and mass transfer;adsorbent21295|7141|3发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：The characteristics of heat transfer for R290 flow boiling in 5 mm small diameter tubes were investigated experimentally with a focus on the effects of heat flux, mass flow rate, and saturation temperature on the surface coefficient of boiling heat transfer. The experimental conditions are as follows: heat flux=10–60 kW/m2; saturation temperature=15–25 ℃; mass flow rate=50–200 kg/(m2?s); and vapor quality=0.1–0.9. Results showed that an increase in heat flux can significantly enhance heat transfer and raise its surface coefficient, speeding up the dryout process and decreasing the starting vapor quality of dryout. Mass flow rate has slight influence on the surface coefficient of heat transfer at low vapor quality, whereas surface coefficient of heat transfer was positively correlated with mass flow rate at middle and high vapor quality. Moreover, the surface coefficient of heat transfer decreased with an enhancement in the saturation temperature with low heat flux at vapor quality range of 0.4–0.75, whereas it increased with an enhancement in the saturation temperature with higher heat flux.关键词：heat transfer characteristics;flow boiling;R290;small-diameter tube21956|6589|2发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：More presetting tasks for parameters in traditional PID controlling are required, thereby leading to complex processes, unsatisfied control effects, and poor adoption for system condition changing. In the liquid nitrogen direct evaporation refrigeration system, a fuzzy-PID control strategy was proposed based on the dynamic distributing parameter model of the systemto meet the requirements of the high-precision temperature controlling. Simulations were performed to analyze the effect of the control strategy in combination with the proposed model, indicating the sound adoption of the control strategy on the system. Experiments for the application of the control strategy were designed to investigate the control effect under the condition of target temperature ?50 ℃, ?80 ℃, or ?140 ℃. Experiment results showed that the maximum relative deviation of the simulation results on the experiment results reached 7.8%, and that the temperature fluctuations under different conditions are ±0.5 ℃, 1.0 ℃, or 2.0 ℃, which increased as the target temperature decreased.关键词：direct evaporation;ultra-low temperature;temperature control;fuzzy PID;numerical simulation21156|6868|0发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：Temperature sensor faults may lead to abnormal system operations that can damage the chiller system and reduce its life span. Herein, a fault detection method based on the one-class support vector machine (OC-SVM) algorithm has been proposed. Fault-free data were used to train the OC-SVM model for detection of temperature sensor biases. The optimized model parameters were obtained by the 10-fold cross validation method. Four chiller datasets, including in-site and laboratory data, were used to validate the proposed method. Results showed that the OC-SVM showed good fault detection performance on the four chiller datasets, with the effect of fault detection being especially obvious for the screw chiller (dataset I). The detection efficiency reached 100%, when the absolute value of temperature sensor fault biases at chilled-water side was greater than 1 ℃.关键词：chiller;sensor;fault detection;one-class support vector machine;algorithm22810|6604|3发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：The constant-frequency double-stage compression refrigeration system fails to run in the best state at the working or load changing conditions. To improve its performance, maintain the maximum performance coefficient, and achieve rapid and accurate cooling, a variable-flow double-stage compression experimental bench was set up. The proposed method was able to control the refrigerant gas flow rate of the low-pressure compressor and change the refrigerant mass flow rate. Therefore, the experimental study of two-stage compression cooling was conducted. Results showed that the refrigeration capacity of the system decreased with an increase in the ratio of input gas of low- and high-pressure compressors (in the range of 1.25 to 3.33) at the condensation temperature of 30 ℃, evaporation temperature of ?35–?20 ℃. The cooling capacity of the system gradually decreased with the increase of the ratio of input gas of low- and high-pressure compressors and the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) is2.37. The ratio of input gas of low- and high-pressure compressor under the optimum COP increased with the decrease of evaporation temperature. Considerably, as the evaporation temperature decreased by 5 ℃ when the evaporation temperature was in ?35–?20 ℃, the ratio of the inputgas of the low- and high-pressure compressors under the optimal COP increased by 22.10%, 12.52%, and 14.29%, respectively. Therefore, for the actual system design, the experimental data can be used to adjust the ratio of input gas of low- and high-pressure compressors according to the different evaporation temperatures and refrigeration demands.关键词：two-stage compression;variable flow;ratio of input gas;COP21602|6787|2发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：A microscopic visualization method was applied experimentally, where comparative observations of frosting processes were conductedunder the same conditionson bare aluminum and hydrophobic surface with contact angles of 78° and 141°, respectively. The hydrophilic surface with a contact angle of 26°, whose initial ice crystal shapes were observed and contrasted, was also included. Results showed that under the condition of low relative humidity at a surface temperature of ?10 ℃, the hydrophobic surface can delay frosting for 29 min in comparison with the bare aluminum surface. When the temperature decreased to ?18 ℃, the hydrophobic surface still demonstrated a satisfactory anti-frost effect. After an hour, the frost height on the surface of the hydrophobic surface was only 68% of the frost height on the bare aluminum surface. Furthermore, at the surface temperature of ?26 ℃, there were relatively large differences in the shapes of initial ice crystals for the three surfaces that had different contact angles. The hydrophobic surface tended to form denser dendritic frost crystals, which grew horizontally and transformed to plates, whereas the hydrophilic surface was inclined to form sparse needle-like crystals that grew in the vertical direction. As the water vapor in the air diffused into the frost crystals, then needle-crystals gradually transformed to sheet forms from top to bottom.关键词：frost;relative humidity;freezing;initial frost crystal21534|6247|2发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：A dehumidification evaporator with ice-slurry has been proposed and applied in a small-scale modeling cold storage for the precooling of fruits and vegetables.Performance comparison experiments were conducted by changing the types of fillers, i.e., metal, plastic, and paper, and cold medium, i.e., cold water and ice slurry, under no-load conditions in the cold storage with the storage temperature and relative humidity as evaluation parameters. Then, a load precooling experiment was conducted with a baby cabbage as a sample. Results showed that under the experimental conditions,the heat transfer performance of metal and paper fillers were better than that of the plastic fillers; the precooling time, with ice slurry as the cold medium, was 1/6 shorter than that when cold water was used, and the relative humidity in the cold storage could be maintained at above 90%. In addition, the load precooling experiment showed that the weight loss rate of the sample was 0.19% smaller than that of cold water. In comparison with the evaporator with water, the evaporator with ice-slurry could be operated reliably in the cold storage and achieved the working conditions of the low temperature (3–6 ℃)and the high humidity (>90%RH) for precooling more efficiently, and thus, is suitable for precooling and preserving of fruits and vegetables.关键词：fruits and vegetables precooling;performance experiment;dehumidificationevaporator;ice slurry;cold storage21976|6277|4发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：To satisfy the ground support requirements of the airborne liquid cooling system for aircraft repair or airport-related training, a new kind of multifunction ground liquid cooling camion for military aircrafts was designed and developed. This camion comprises five main parts, namely power supply system, coolant circulation system, cooling and heating system (single-stage vapor compression refrigeration cycle and electrical heater), electric control system, vehicle chassis, and body. Results showed that the functions of coolant supplementation to the liquid cooling camion, coolant internal circulation in the liquid cooling camion, coolant addition and drain for liquid cooling system on board, and hot/cold coolant external circulation from the liquid cooling camion to the liquid cooling system on board, are achieved in the sample liquid cooling camion. Moreover, the liquid cooling system satisfied the setting temperatures of 15 ℃ and 10 ℃ in the heating and cooling modes after 24 and 20 min, respectively. Accordingly, the environmental temperatures of heating and cooling were 5 ℃ and 30 ℃, whereas the coolant flow was 200 L/min for both modes, with a temperature fluctuation of ±0.5 ℃.关键词：aircraft ground support;compression refrigeration system;secondary refrigerant20562|8117|0发布时间：2024-07-18
- 摘要：The heat transfer process in a gas cooler can be divided into three parts, namely pre-, quasi-, and post-critical temperature intervals, which are based on the carbon dioxide (CO2) critical temperature at a maximum constant pressure specific heat capacity. Particularly for the quasi-critical interval, the proportion of heat release was reportedly 49.8% under exothermic process with CO2 critical temperature being lowered from 100 ℃ to 0 ℃. This finding was supported by a simulation based on the theory of entransy, which has been proven in subsequent experiments. On this basis, a simple algorithm for the optimal inlet pressure and temperature in the tested gas cooler was proposed according to the heat transfer characteristics of the quasi-critical section. The optimal inlet pressure was 11.34 MPa and temperature was 79.96 ℃ when the hot water (65 ℃) was obtained under the standard test condition through the algorithm. A test involving different inlet pressures with different compressor speeds was designed to validate the previous algorithm by calculating the system coefficient of performance (COP) and analyzing the heat transfer characteristics in a gas cooler byvarying water temperature with discharge tube distance. Consequently, when both CO2 and water flow rate was 15.0 g/s, the water temperature increased rapidly from 17 ℃ to 41 ℃ in the quasi-critical temperature intervals, which possessed huge entransy under 11.3 MPa inlet pressure with critical temperature of CO2 as 51.04 ℃. Finally, when the water outlet temperature was 64.1 ℃, heating amount was approximately 50.1%, and system COP was 3.32, which provided the best test condition among the three different sets.关键词：gas cooler;thermal potential energy (entransy);quasi-critical interval;optimal pressure;carbon dioxide11595|2665|3发布时间：2024-07-18
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