In this study

a scale model experiment platform was built for soil heat storage and release characteristics of a tunnel surrounding rocks

and a physical model (1:1) was built and simulated using CHAMPS-BES software. Comparing the simulation results with the experimental results of the temperature field

heat storage

and heat release of the tunnel surrounding the rock mass

it is found that for a higher air temperature of the tunnel

the annual net heat storage of the soil is greater

and the heat storage capacity of the soil gradually decreases with an increase in the soil temperature. The heat storage capacity of the soil is attenuated within 15 years and annual net heat storage gradually decreases from 24% to 4%. The difference in annual net heat storage simulated under different shield boundary conditions is less than 5%

hence the influence of the interval shield thickness and shield thermal conductivity on the soil heat storage and discharge can be neglected. In the initial condition

for a lower temperature

the heat storage capacity of the soil is greater. The stored heat in the soil at an initial temperature of 9 ℃ is approximately 5 times that at an initial temperature of 22 ℃.