Influence of Refrigerant Phase Transition on the Temperature Control of Large Capacity Lithium-ion Battery

Chen Qinghua; Wu Ruilong; Ji Jiadong; Shu Fan

doi:10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.06.034

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Influence of Refrigerant Phase Transition on the Temperature Control of Large Capacity Lithium-ion Battery

更新时间：2025-12-03

- Influence of Refrigerant Phase Transition on the Temperature Control of Large Capacity Lithium-ion Battery
- Journal of Refrigeration Vol. 46, Issue 6, Pages: 34-44(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.安徽理工大学机电工程学院　淮南　 232001
  2.合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院　合肥　 230031
- 作者简介：
  
  Wu Ruilong, male, master, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 86-19154083791, E-mail: 1825132335@qq.com. Research fields: battery thermal management.
- 基金信息：
  
  the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52175070)
- DOI：10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.06.034
  CLC： TB61⁺1;TM912
- Received：31 December 2024，
  
  Revised：2025-03-17，
  
  Accepted：08 April 2025，
  
  Published：16 December 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Chen Qinghua, Wu Ruilong, Ji Jiadong, et al. Influence of Refrigerant Phase Transition on the Temperature Control of Large Capacity Lithium-ion Battery[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025, 46(6): 34-44.
DOI：

Chen Qinghua, Wu Ruilong, Ji Jiadong, et al. Influence of Refrigerant Phase Transition on the Temperature Control of Large Capacity Lithium-ion Battery[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2025, 46(6): 34-44. DOI： 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.06.034.

摘要

为研究制冷剂相变对锂离子电池温控的影响规律，制定直冷系统散热方案，建立电-热耦合模型模拟电池生热，采用Lee模型模拟制冷剂相变过程。并利用实验对模型可靠性进行验证，误差在3%以内。对不同工况下的直冷系统进行数值模拟，分析口琴式冷板的不同边界条件、并联式和蛇形冷板的流道结构对直冷系统温控性能的影响。结果表明：2 C倍率工况下，直冷系统最高温度及温差分别比液冷系统降低7.12%和58.86%。蒸发温度从10 ℃升至20 ℃时，直冷板内部压差从45.74 Pa降至39.48 Pa，较低的蒸发温度可以促进制冷剂相变。入口处液相分数的升高有利于降低电池模组的最高温度，但会导致电池模组温差增大和液相制冷剂过剩。增加流道与电池底部有效接触面有助于电池散热，延长流道长度有利于制冷剂充分相变。

Abstract

A numerical simulation model was used to investigate the impact of refrigerant phase change on the temperature control of lithium-ion batteries. A direct cooling system was designed

and an electro-thermal coupled model was established to simulate heat generation in batteries. The Lee model was used for the phase-change simulation. The model reliability was confirmed through experiments

with deviations under 3%. Simulations were conducted under various conditions to analyze the effects of different boundary conditions on the cooling performance of a harmonica-style cold plate and flow channel structures of parallel and serpentine cold plates. The results indicated that at a 2 C rate

the maximum temperature and temperature difference of a direct cooling system were 7.12% and 58.86% lower than those of a liquid cooling system. When the evaporation temperature increased from 10 ℃ to 20 ℃

the pressure difference of the direct cooling plate decreased from 45.74 Pa to 39.48 Pa. A lower evaporation temperature promoted the refrigerant phase transition. An increased liquid phase fraction at the inlet can lower the highest temperature of the battery module

but may lead to greater temperature differences and excess liquid refrigerant. Increasing the effective contact area of the flow channel with the battery bottom aids cooling

and extending the channel length promotes a complete refrigerant phase change.

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references

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