Review on Catalytic Conversion Mechanism of Ortho-Para Hydrogen

Hua Yihuai; Li Qiuying; Cheng Hao; Bai Haochuan; Zhang Hanwei; Liu Wenrui; Wang Kai; Qiu Limin

doi:10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.012

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Review on Catalytic Conversion Mechanism of Ortho-Para Hydrogen

Hydrogen Liquefaction & Cryogenic Storage and Transmission | 更新时间：2025-09-29

- Review on Catalytic Conversion Mechanism of Ortho-Para Hydrogen
- Journal of Refrigeration Vol. 46, Issue 5, Pages: 12-23(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中海石油气电集团有限责任公司　北京　100028
  2.浙江大学制冷与低温研究所　杭州　310027
- 作者简介：
  
  Wang Kai, male, Ph. D., researcher, Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, School of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, 86-17857140826, E-mail: kaiwang19@zju.edu.cn. Research fields: liquid hydrogen storage and refueling, low-grade thermal energy recovery, etc.
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.012
  CLC： TQ116.2;TQ426
- Received：02 June 2024，
  
  Revised：2024-07-22，
  
  Accepted：02 September 2024，
  
  Published：16 October 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Hua Yihuai, Li Qiuying, Cheng Hao, et al. Review on Catalytic Conversion Mechanism of Ortho-Para Hydrogen[J]. Journal of refrigeration, 2025, 46(5): 12-23.
DOI：

Hua Yihuai, Li Qiuying, Cheng Hao, et al. Review on Catalytic Conversion Mechanism of Ortho-Para Hydrogen[J]. Journal of refrigeration, 2025, 46(5): 12-23. DOI： 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.05.012.

摘要

氢液化流程中正仲氢转化过程对于液氢的长时间储存与远距离运输具有极其重要的意义。概述了正仲氢的性质差异，综述了正仲氢催化转化过程的物理机制和反应动力学模型的研究进展，对常用催化剂进行了总结和性能对比。最后综述了正仲氢转化的3种主流方案，并对比了各方案的优缺点。物理机制和反应动力学分别从微观和宏观角度对正仲氢转化进行了研究，但由于催化剂表面的实验数据相对匮乏，学者对此尚未形成统一的论述和解释，迫切需要进行定量验证。在正仲氢转化的催化剂选择上，虽然镍基催化剂的催化效率更高，但综合考虑催化剂的制备、活化、失活以及氢液化器的工作特点，铁的氢氧化物及氧化物催化剂是主流的催化剂选择方案。此外，3种主流的正仲氢转化方案中采用连续转化过程的氢液化流程比能耗最低，是未来氢液化流程的发展方向，国内对此研究尚处于起步阶段，存在较大的发展空间。研究可为正仲氢催化转化实验台的设计和搭建等提供理论指导。

Abstract

Ortho-para hydrogen conversion in the hydrogen liquefaction process is significant for the long-term storage and long-distance transportation of liquid hydrogen. This paper outlines the differences in the properties of orthohydrogen and parahydrogen

reviews the research progress on the physical mechanisms and reaction kinetic models of the ortho-para hydrogen catalytic conversion process

and summarizes the performance of common catalysts. Finally

three mainstream schemes for ortho-para hydrogen conversion are compared. Research on the internal physical mechanisms and reaction kinetic models explores the conversion process from microscopic and macroscopic perspectives

respectively. Owing to the lack of experimental data

scholars have not yet formed a unified explanation for the surface characteristics of catalysts

which must be quantitatively validated. Furthermore

although nickel-based catalysts have higher catalytic efficiency

iron hydroxides and oxide catalysts are the main catalyst choices for ortho-para hydrogen conversion

considering the preparation

activation

and deactivation of catalysts and the characteristics of the liquefier. Among the three mainstream ortho-para hydrogen conversion schemes

the hydrogen liquefaction process with continuous conversion has the lowest energy consumption and is the future direction. Relevant research in China is still in its early stages and has great potential for development. This study provides theoretical guidance for the design and construction of ortho-para hydrogen catalytic conversion test benches.

关键词

Keywords

references

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