Comparison of High Adaptability and Low-Cost Intelligent Recognition Method for Evaporator Frosting Status Based on Image Texture Features

Xu Yingjie; Zhang Hengrui; Liu Yunyu; Zhou Xiaoxiao; Han Xiaohong; Chen Guangming

doi:10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.04.061

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Comparison of High Adaptability and Low-Cost Intelligent Recognition Method for Evaporator Frosting Status Based on Image Texture Features

更新时间：2025-08-28

- Comparison of High Adaptability and Low-Cost Intelligent Recognition Method for Evaporator Frosting Status Based on Image Texture Features
- Journal of Refrigeration Vol. 46, Issue 4, Pages: 61-74(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.浙江工业大学机械工程学院　杭州　310023
  2.浙江盾安人工环境股份有限公司　绍兴　311835
  3.浙江大学制冷与低温研究所　杭州　310007
- 作者简介：
  
  Han Xiaohong, female, professor, doctoral advisor, Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Zhejiang University, 86-571-87953944, E-mail: hanxh66@zju.edu.cn. Research fields: high heat flux heat dissipation technology (mainly heat pipe heat dissipation, microchannel heat dissipation and immersion liquid cooling technology), immersion liquid cooling of power battery, refrigerant replacement technology, refrigerant leakage, refrigerant recovery, recycling and reclamation.
- 基金信息：
  
  National Natural Science Foundation of China(52076185)
- DOI：10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.04.061
  CLC： TB61⁺1;TK172;TP75
- Received：31 January 2024，
  
  Revised：28 March 2024，
  
  Accepted：22 May 2024，
  
  Published：16 August 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Xu Yingjie, Zhang Hengrui, Liu Yunyu, et al. Comparison of High Adaptability and Low-Cost Intelligent Recognition Method for Evaporator Frosting Status Based on Image Texture Features[J]. Journal of refrigeration, 2025, 46(4): 61-74.
DOI：

Xu Yingjie, Zhang Hengrui, Liu Yunyu, et al. Comparison of High Adaptability and Low-Cost Intelligent Recognition Method for Evaporator Frosting Status Based on Image Texture Features[J]. Journal of refrigeration, 2025, 46(4): 61-74. DOI： 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.04.061.

摘要

误除霜或除霜不及时将导致制冷/热泵机组能耗增加、稳定性降低、故障率提升。精准识别结霜状态从而及时除霜是提升制冷/热泵性能的重要方向。基于数字/智能技术的结霜状态识别方法展现出较好的潜力，但现有技术在实际应用的复杂条件下，识别准确率明显降低，亟待改善。基于此，以蒸发器表面图像的纹理特征为切入点，提出以灰度共生矩阵提取纹理特征并结合麻雀算法优化后的极限学习机进行分类的智能识别方法。有望规避拍摄角度、光照强度等外部条件的影响，实现较强的适应性。建立实验装置，实验采集4 125张复杂工况下3种结霜状态的蒸发器图像样本，对新方法进行了验证和对比研究。结果表明，该方法在不同工况下识别准确率可接近或高于95%，显著高于现有的方法5%~35%。该方法的稳定性较高，成本较低，表现出良好的应用潜力。

Abstract

Unnecessary or delayed defrosting results in increased energy consumption

reduced stability

and increased failure rates in refrigeration and heat pump units. Accurately identifying the frost status and timely defrosting are important for improving the performance of refrigeration and heat pumps. Frost status identification methods based on digital and intelligent technologies have shown significant potential. However

existing technologies have significantly reduced accuracy in complex real-world conditions and require urgent improvement. In this paper

we proposed an intelligent recognition method based on the texture features of evaporator surface images. We used a gray-level co-occurrence matrix to extract texture features and combine them with the extreme learning machine optimized by the sparrow algorithm for classification. This is expected to mitigate the impact of external conditions

such as shooting angles and light intensity

thereby achieving strong adaptability. An experimental setup was established to collect 4 125 images of the evaporator in three different frost states under complex working conditions

and the proposed method was validated and compared. The results showed that the accuracy of the method in identifying different conditions can reach 95%

which is significantly higher than that of existing methods by 5-35%. Furthermore

this method has high stability and low cost thereby demonstrating great potential for practical applications.

关键词

Keywords

references

郭宪民 . 空气源热泵结霜问题的研究现状及进展(Ⅱ) [J ] . 制冷与空调(北京) , 2009 , 9 ( 3 ): 8 - 14 .

( GUO Xianmin . Current status and progress of air source heat pump under frosting conditions: part Ⅱ [J ] . Refrigeration and Air-conditioning , 2009 , 9 ( 3 ): 8 - 14 .)

LIU Jingdong , SUN Yuying , WANG Wei , et al . Performance evaluation of air source heat pump under unnecessary defrosting phenomena for nine typical cities in China [J ] . International Journal of Refrigeration , 2017 , 74 : 385 - 398 .

LIANG Shimin , WANG Wei , SUN Yuying , et al . A novel characteristic index for frosting suppression based on the configuration and operation of air source heat pumps [J ] . International Journal of Refrigeration , 2020 , 109 : 161 - 171 .

RAFATI NASR M , FAUCHOUX M , BESANT R W , et al . A review of frosting in air-to-air energy exchangers [J ] . Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 2014 , 30 : 538 - 554 .

肖彪 . 风冷热泵商用空调除霜控制分析 [J ] . 家电科技 , 2009 ( 23 ): 55 - 57 .

( XIAO Biao . Analysis on defrosting control of air-cooled heat pump commercial air conditioner [J ] . China Appliance Technology , 2009 ( 23 ): 55 - 57 .)

WANG W , XIAO J , GUO Q C , et al . Field test investigation of the characteristics for the air source heat pump under two typical mal-defrost phenomena [J ] . Applied Energy , 2011 , 88 ( 12 ): 4470 - 4480 .

WANG W , FENG Y C , ZHU J H , et al . Performances of air source heat pump system for a kind of mal-defrost phenomenon appearing in moderate climate conditions [J ] . Applied Energy , 2013 , 112 : 1138 - 1145 .

GONG Guangcai , TANG Jinchen , LYU Dongyan , et al . Research on frost formation in air source heat pump at cold-moist conditions in central-South China [J ] . Applied Energy , 2013 , 102 : 571 - 581 .

王沣浩 , 马龙霞 , 王志华 , 等 . 空气源热泵除霜控制方法研究现状及展望 [J ] . 制冷学报 , 2021 , 42 ( 5 ): 27 - 35 .

( WANG Fenghao , MA Longxia , WANG Zhihua , et al . Research status and prospect on defrosting control method of air source heat pump [J ] . Journal of Refrigeration , 2021 , 42 ( 5 ): 27 - 35 .)

何亚屏 , 胡家喜 , 文宇良 , 等 . 中央空调高速永磁直驱变频传动系统关键技术研究及应用 [J ] . 制冷与空调(北京) , 2018 , 18 ( 9 ): 1 - 6 .

( HE Yaping , HU Jiaxi , WEN Yuliang , et al . Researchand application of key technologies for high speed PMSM direct drive VFD system of central air-conditioning [J ] . Refrigeration and Air-conditioning , 2018 , 18 ( 9 ): 1 - 6 .)

梁士民 , 王伟 , 孙育英 , 等 . 抑霜型空气源热泵机组应用实测研究 [J ] . 制冷学报 , 2022 , 43 ( 5 ): 24 - 32 .

( LIANG Shimin , WANG Wei , SUN Yuying , et al . Field study on the application of frost-suppression air-source heat pump units [J ] . Journal of Refrigeration , 2022 , 43 ( 5 ): 24 - 32 .)

刘耀 , 盛伟 , 方永强 , 等 . 铝基波纹表面结霜特性实验研究 [J ] . 制冷学报 , 2022 , 43 ( 3 ): 78 - 86 .

( LIU Yao , SHENG Wei , FANG Yongqiang , et al . Experimental study on frosting characteristics of wavy aluminum surfaces [J ] . Journal of Refrigeration , 2022 , 43 ( 3 ): 78 - 86 .)

邢震 , 郭宪民 , 李景善 . 基于平均性能最优的空气源热泵除霜控制方法的研究 [J ] . 制冷学报 , 2016 , 37 ( 3 ): 17 - 21 .

( XING Zhen , GUO Xianmin , LI Jingshan . Study on the defrosting control method based on the optimal average performance of an air source heat pump [J ] . Journal of Refrigeration , 2016 , 37 ( 3 ): 17 - 21 .)

FOSSA M , TANDA G . Study of free convection frost formation on a vertical plate [J ] . Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science , 2002 , 26 ( 6/7 ): 661 - 668 .

董金锠 , 王玮 , 董振强 . 蒸发器结霜速率实时测定 [J ] . 激光技术 , 2000 , 24 ( 3 ): 179 - 181 .

( DONG Jinchang , WANG Wei , DONG Zhenqiang . Real-time measurement for evaporator frosting rate [J ] . Laser Technology , 2000 , 24 ( 3 ): 179 - 181 .)

WANG Wei , XIAO Jing , FENG Yingchao , et al . Characteristics of an air source heat pump with novel photoelectric sensors during periodic frost-defrost cycles [J ] . Applied Thermal Engineering , 2013 , 50 ( 1 ): 177 - 186 .

周冲 , 程惠尔 . 图像处理在管内结霜厚度测量中的应用 [J ] . 上海交通大学学报 , 2001 , 35 ( 8 ): 1175 - 1177 .

( ZHOU Chong , CHENG Huier . Dynamic height-detecting system for growing frost in a tube [J ] . Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 2001 , 35 ( 8 ): 1175 - 1177 .)

QU Kaiyang , KOMORI S , JIANG Yi . Local variation of frost layer thickness and morphology [J ] . International Journal of Thermal Sciences , 2006 , 45 ( 2 ): 116 - 123 .

XIA Y , ZHONG Y , HRNJAK P S , et al . Frost, defrost, and refrost and its impact on the air-side thermal-hydraulic performance of louvered-fin, flat-tube heat exchangers [J ] . International Journal of Refrigeration , 2006 , 29 ( 7 ): 1066 - 1079 .

CHUNG Y , NA S I , CHOI J , et al . Feasibility and optimization of defrosting control method with differential pressure sensor for air source heat pump systems [J ] . Applied Thermal Engineering , 2019 , 155 : 461 - 469 .

陈汝东 , 许东晟 . 风冷热泵空调器除霜控制的研究 [J ] . 流体机械 , 1999 , 27 ( 2 ): 55 - 57 .

( CHEN Rudong , XU Dongsheng . Study on defrosting control of air-cooled heat pump air conditioner [J ] . Fluid Machinery , 1999 , 27 ( 2 ): 55 - 57 .)

葛住军 , 许文斌 , 付彬 , 等 . 最大平均制热量控制除霜方法的实验研究 [J ] . 制冷 , 2007 , 26 ( 2 ): 14 - 17 .

( GE Zhujun , XU Wenbin , FU Bin , et al . Research on a kind of defrosting control method-maximum average heating capacity [J ] . Refrigeration , 2007 , 26 ( 2 ): 14 - 17 .)

XU Yingjie , ZHAO Ruiying , WU Kai , et al . Experimental investigation and validation on an air-source heat pump frosting state recognition method based on fan current fluctuation signal and machine learning [J ] . Energy , 2024 , 291 : 130372 .

SONG Mengjie , DANG Chaobin . Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics [J ] . International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer , 2018 , 124 : 586 - 614 .

LI Zhaoyang , WANG Wei , SUN Yuying , et al . Applying image recognition to frost built-up detection in air source heat pumps [J ] . Energy , 2021 , 233 : 121004 .

MIAO Hongfei , YANG Xueqing , YIN Dazhen , et al . A novel defrosting control strategy with image processing technique and fractal theory [J ] . International Journal of Refrigeration , 2022 , 138 : 259 - 269 .

SUN Huan , ZHU Junda , LIU Xinghua , et al . Theoretical and experimental study of a new defrost control strategy based on gray scale graph theory [J ] . International Journal of Refrigeration , 2022 , 139 : 214 - 224 .

CHEN Siliang , CHEN Kang , ZHU Xu , et al . Deep learning-based image recognition method for on-demand defrosting control to save energy in commercial energy systems [J ] . Applied Energy , 2022 , 324 : 119702 .

XU Yingjie , XIE Yong , WANG Xiaopo , et al . Study on a novel defrost control method based on the surface texture of evaporator image with gray-level cooccurrence matrix, new characterization parameter combination and machine learning [J ] . Energy and Buildings , 2023 , 292 : 113173 .

HUANG Guangbin , ZHU Qinyu , SIEW C K . Extreme learning machine: theory and applications [J ] . Neurocomputing , 2006 , 70 ( 1-3 ): 489 - 501 .

ZHANG Mengxuan , LIU Long , JIN Yaochu , et al . Tree-shaped multiobjective evolutionary CNN for hyperspectral image classification [J ] . Applied Soft Computing , 2024 , 152 : 111176 .

HAN Qi , QIAN Xin , XU Hongxiang , et al . DM-CNN: Dynamic multi-scale convolutional neural network with uncertainty quantification for medical image classification [J ] . Computers in Biology and Medicine , 2024 , 168 : 107758 .

LI Guangfei , GAO Quanxue , YANG Ming , et al . Active learning based on similarity level histogram and adaptive-scale sampling for very high resolution image classification [J ] . Neural Networks , 2023 , 167 : 22 - 35 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Performance Model of General Air Source Heat Pump in a Single Frost/Defrost Cycle

Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Ultrasonic Defrosting Technology of a Quick-freezing Cooling Fan

Review of Frost-free and Defrost Methods for Air-source Heat Pump Systems

Related Author

Li Ning

Shi Wenxing

Wang Baolong

Li Xianting

Zuo Jiandong

Tao Tangfei

Jing Jiliang

Liu Xiaojiang

Related Institution

Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University

Dalian Rrfrigeration Co., Ltd.

Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University

Cooling and Heating Technology Innovation Center of Dalian

State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University

Address：10/F, Yindu Mansion, 67 Fucheng Road, Haidian Dist, Beijing, China Postal code：100142
Tel：010-68711412 Email：editor@car.org.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备09064830号-19 京公网安备11010802024621
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰