Cooling System for Data Centers Based on the Air-Water-Air Principle with Increased Temperature Differential

Jing Yang; Xie Xiaoyun; Jiang Yi

doi:10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.113

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Cooling System for Data Centers Based on the Air-Water-Air Principle with Increased Temperature Differential

更新时间：2025-05-30

- Cooling System for Data Centers Based on the Air-Water-Air Principle with Increased Temperature Differential
- Journal of Refrigeration Vol. 46, Issue 3, Pages: 113-122(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  清华大学建筑节能研究中心　北京　 100084
- 作者简介：
  
  Xie Xiaoyun, female, associate professor, Building Energy Research Center, Tsinghua University, 86-10-62793591, E-mail: xiexiaoyun@tsinghua.edu.cn. Research fields: absorption heat pump, evaporative cooling technology, thermal principles.
- 基金信息：
  
  National Key R&D Prgram of China(2022YFC3802403)
- DOI：10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.113
  CLC： TB61⁺1;TP308
- Received：19 September 2024，
  
  Revised：10 December 2024，
  
  Accepted：11 December 2024，
  
  Published：16 June 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Jing Yang, Xie Xiaoyun, Jiang Yi. Cooling System for Data Centers Based on the Air-Water-Air Principle with Increased Temperature Differential[J]. Journal of refrigeration, 2025, 46(3): 113-122.
DOI：

Jing Yang, Xie Xiaoyun, Jiang Yi. Cooling System for Data Centers Based on the Air-Water-Air Principle with Increased Temperature Differential[J]. Journal of refrigeration, 2025, 46(3): 113-122. DOI： 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.03.113.

摘要

数据中心冷却系统节能是提高数据中心能效的主要方式。通过对常见的风-水-风冷却系统进行热学分析，发现机房空调的风侧与水侧存在极大的流量不匹配损失，因此提出水侧大温差系统形式。相比于小温差方案，大温差冷却系统可大幅增加全年自然冷却比例，降低输配能耗，冷却系统总能耗可减少约20%~30%。水侧大温差方案会增加机房空调的传热面积和成本，但冷却塔、制冷机、循环水泵、蓄冷罐、管路和阀门的投资均会降低，冷却系统总投资能够降低15%~25%。大温差冷却系统可以简化运行调节，全年无需调节阀门，使室外温度变化和IT负载变化调控方式解耦，减少运维工作量。

Abstract

Improving the energy efficiency of data centers by conserving energy in cooling systems is a priority strategy. In this study

thermal analysis of the prevailing air-water-air cooling system revealed inefficiencies caused by a significant discrepancy in the flow rate between the air and water sides of the server room air conditioning system. To mitigate such discrepancy

a new system architecture with a high-temperature differential on the waterside was proposed. Compared with a conventional system with a small temperature differential

the proposed high-temperature differential cooling system substantially augmented the proportion of natural cooling throughout the year

reduced the energy consumption of pumping fluids

and reduced the total energy consumption of the cooling system by approximately 20%-30%. Although the introduction of a high-temperature differential cooling system requires an increase in the heat exchange area and an increase in the cost of air conditioning for the server room

it concurrently reduces the investment in cooling towers

chillers

circulating pumps

chilled water storage tanks

pipelines

and valves

ultimately reducing the total investment in the cooling system by 15%-25%. Furthermore

the high-temperature differential cooling system facilitates operational adjustments

decouples control from external temperature variations and IT load changes

and minimizes maintenance requirements.

关键词

Keywords

references

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