Experimental Investigation on Water Fouling Risk in Small Diameter Tubes of Chillers

Li Yuhan; Zhan Feilong; Ding Guoliang; Luo Mingwen; Yue Bao; Li Feng; Li Ning; Shao Yanpo; Ma Chao; Zhang Huan

doi:10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.150

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Experimental Investigation on Water Fouling Risk in Small Diameter Tubes of Chillers

更新时间：2025-01-23

- Experimental Investigation on Water Fouling Risk in Small Diameter Tubes of Chillers
- Journal of Refrigeration Vol. 46, Issue 1, Pages: 150-156(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所　上海　 200240
  2.美的暖通设备有限公司　佛山　 511468
  3.美的制冷设备有限公司　佛山　 528311
- 作者简介：
  
  Ding Guoliang, male, professor, Ph. D. supervisor, Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 86-21-34206378, E-mail: glding@sjtu.edu.cn. Research fields: simulation and optimization research for room air conditioner and utilization of new refrigerant.
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.150
  CLC： TB657.5;TU831.4
- Received：03 December 2023，
  
  Revised：02 March 2024，
  
  Accepted：2024-04-02，
  
  Published：16 February 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Li Yuhan, Zhan Feilong, Ding Guoliang, et al. Experimental Investigation on Water Fouling Risk in Small Diameter Tubes of Chillers[J]. Journal of refrigeration, 2025, 46(1): 150-156.
DOI：

Li Yuhan, Zhan Feilong, Ding Guoliang, et al. Experimental Investigation on Water Fouling Risk in Small Diameter Tubes of Chillers[J]. Journal of refrigeration, 2025, 46(1): 150-156. DOI： 10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.150.

摘要

冷水机组中的换热管采用水作为工作介质，长期运行时水中的钙离子等盐分会析出并形成水垢，导致传热性能出现衰减；而冷水机组中小管径换热管的应用，可能会导致结垢问题更加突出。通过设计搭建加速结垢实验台并选取典型的结垢测试工况来对照分析常规尺寸换热管和小管径换热管的结垢特性。常规尺寸换热管选7 mm光管，小管径换热管选5 mm光管，结垢测试工况包括：循环水入口温度60 ℃、流速1 m/s、成垢溶液质量浓度800 mg/L、测试时间0~400 h。5 mm光管与7 mm光管相比，总结垢量增加了39.5%，结垢达到稳定所需时间缩短了17.6%，表明管径小型化后的管内结垢量更大、结垢速率更高。5 mm光管和7 mm光管结垢后的传热系数分别下降12.5%和9.7%，压降分别增加50.6%和10.4%，表明小管径换热管结垢后的传热性能恶化更严重。通过解剖发现5 mm管内结垢层为更紧密的片层状结构，相比于7 mm管更难去除，因此对于冷水机组推广小管径换热管的应用需要重点关注结垢风险。

Abstract

Circulating water is used as the working medium in water-based chillers. Salt ions

such as calcium in circulating water

may precipitate during long-term operation

resulting in the attenuation of heat transfer performance. The application of small-diameter tubes in heat exchangers may lead to more prominent fouling problems. This study developed an accelerated fouling method to evaluate water fouling risk. The most typical operating conditions for water-based chillers were selected as the experimental conditions. The test samples included small diameter (5 mm) smooth tubes

with 7 mm smooth tubes selected for the control experiment. The experimental conditions include a circulating water inlet temperature of 60 ℃

a flow rate of 1 m/s

a foulant mass concentration of 800 mg/L

and a test time of 0-400 h. The results revealed that the total fouling mass was 39.5% higher and required fouling time was 17.6% shorter when comparing the 5 mm and 7 mm smooth tubes; the small diameter tubes had a larger total fouling mass and higher fouling rate. The heat transfer coefficients of the 5 mm and 7 mm tubes after fouling decreased by 12.5% and 9.7%

respectively

and the pressure drops increased by 50.6% and 10.4%

respectively

demonstrating a more severe heat transfer performance deterioration of small diameter tubes after fouling. The microscopic observation results of the fouling layer morphology demonstrated that the fouling layer in 5 mm tubes is a form of compact lamellar scaling

which is more difficult to remove compared with the 7 mm tube; therefore

the fouling risk should be considered when promoting the application of small diameter tubes in chillers.

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references

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