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1.北京工业大学新能源学院 北京市传热与能源利用重点实验室 北京 100124
2. 国家能源用户侧储能创新研发中心 北京 100124
3. 共益合创集团有限公司 太原 030000
Du Yanjun, female, associate research fellow, Ph. D., College of New Energy, Beijing University of Technology, 86-13572005118, E-mail: duyanjun@bjut.edu.cn. Research fields: novel energy storage, heat pump systems and refrigeration compressors.
Received:20 August 2026,
Revised:2026-08-31,
Accepted:22 September 2026,
Online First:23 October 2026,
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Hu Shen,Ma Yuhang,Wu Yuting,et al. Research Progress on Liquid-Air Coupled Cooling Systems for High-Power-Density Data Centers[J]. Journal of Refrigeration,XXXX,XX(XX):1-9.
胡深,马宇航,吴玉庭,等. 面向高功率密度数据中心的液冷-风冷耦合冷却系统研究进展[J]. 制冷学报,XXXX,XX(XX):1-9. DOI: 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260820004.
Hu Shen,Ma Yuhang,Wu Yuting,et al. Research Progress on Liquid-Air Coupled Cooling Systems for High-Power-Density Data Centers[J]. Journal of Refrigeration,XXXX,XX(XX):1-9. DOI: 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260820004.
面对数据中心算力急剧增加带来的散热挑战,传统风冷散热的散热密度上限已无法满足数据中心散热需求,全浸没液冷因浸没液成本、维护便捷性、材料兼容性等问题而难以广泛应用。本文综述了液冷-风冷耦合冷却系统在高功率密度数据中心的应用进展,指出了利用冷板式液冷高效捕获芯片热量,可显著压缩辅助风冷负荷。研究证实,通过机柜流场重构与低流速风冷优化,配合智能协同控制,系统PUE可优化至1.15以下。未来,风液同源一体化及余热回收技术将推动数据中心向零碳目标演进。本文旨在为平衡散热效能与经济效益的下一代数据中心建设提供技术指引。
Faced with the heat dissipation challenges posed by the rapid increase in the computing power of data centers, traditional air cooling can no longer meet their cooling demands because of its limited heat dissipation density. Meanwhile, full immersion liquid cooling is difficult to adopt widely owing to coolant cost, ease of maintenance, and material compatibility. This paper reviews the progress in the application of liquid-air coupled cooling systems in high-power-density data centers and highlights that utilizing cold-plate liquid cooling to efficiently capture the chip heat can significantly reduce the auxiliary air cooling load. It confirms that through the reconstruction of rack airflow fields and optimization of low-flow air cooling, combined with intelligent coordinated control, the power usage effectiveness of the system can be optimized to below 1.15. In the future, the integration of liquid and air cooling systems sharing the same source and waste heat recovery technologies would drive data centers toward zero-carbon goals. This review aims to provide technical guidance for the construction of next-generation data centers that balance cooling efficiency and economic benefits.
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