Experimental Study on a Refrigerant Charge Diagnostic Method for Multi-split Systems

Wu Qingzhuang; Li Shuangliang; Hou Jiaxin; Shan Lianyu; Zhang Kunkun; Xiong Chenglong; Xu Manyi

doi:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260706001

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Experimental Study on a Refrigerant Charge Diagnostic Method for Multi-split Systems

更新时间：2026-10-19

- Experimental Study on a Refrigerant Charge Diagnostic Method for Multi-split Systems
- Journal of Refrigeration Pages: 1-7(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  小米智能家电（武汉）有限公司武汉 430075
- 作者简介：
  
  Hou Jiaxin， male， Ph. D.， engineer， Xiaomi Smart Appliances （Wuhan） Co.， Ltd.， 86-19972068539， E-mail： hjx96y@163.com. Research fields： air-conditioning systems and two-phase flow.
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260706001
  CLC： TB657.2;TU831.3
- Received：06 July 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-09-23，
  
  Accepted：24 September 2026，
  
  Online First：19 October 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
吴庆壮，李双良，侯佳鑫，等. 多联机制冷剂充注量诊断方法实验研究［J］. 制冷学报，XXXX，XX（XX）：1-7.

Wu Qingzhuang，Li Shuangliang，Hou Jiaxin，et al. Experimental Study on a Refrigerant Charge Diagnostic Method for Multi-split Systems［J］. Journal of Refrigeration，XXXX，XX（XX）：1-7.
吴庆壮，李双良，侯佳鑫，等. 多联机制冷剂充注量诊断方法实验研究［J］. 制冷学报，XXXX，XX（XX）：1-7. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260706001.

Wu Qingzhuang，Li Shuangliang，Hou Jiaxin，et al. Experimental Study on a Refrigerant Charge Diagnostic Method for Multi-split Systems［J］. Journal of Refrigeration，XXXX，XX（XX）：1-7. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260706001.

摘要

针对传统无主动控制的诊断方法在微小制冷剂偏差检测中灵敏度低、易受系统运行工况耦合干扰等问题，本文提出了一种基于主动控制的高精度制冷剂充注量诊断方法。该方法通过主动锚定空调系统核心热力学边界条件，结合质量守恒原理与换热机理，将制冷剂充注量变化定向转化为冷凝器内液相滞留量的改变，进而以冷凝器出口过冷度作为定量诊断的核心特征参数，建立了包含“启动—粗调—细调—取值”四阶段的标准化诊断流程。在焓差实验室中，以名义制冷量为16 kW和18 kW的2台多联机组为测试对象，开展了覆盖20～45 ℃室外温度区间的6种工况交叉验证实验。结果表明：在85%～105%的充注率区间内，过冷度对充注量变化呈严格单调递增响应；100%与90%充注量对应的过冷度差值在全部测试工况下均维持在6 ℃以上，该对应关系在不同机型及20～45 ℃室外环境温度区间内均保持稳定。基于该响应关系构建的诊断模型能够准确识别低至5%的制冷剂充注量偏差，为多联机制冷系统的在线运维诊断与早期故障预警提供了可靠的技术方案。

Abstract

This paper proposes a high-precision refrigerant charge diagnostic method based on active control， which effectively addresses the shortcomings of traditional passive diagnostic methods， such as low sensitivity to small deviations and susceptibility to interference from system operating conditions. The method actively anchors the core thermodynamic boundary conditions of the system and， based on the principle of mass conservation and heat transfer mechanisms， directionally converts variations in refrigerant charge into changes in liquid-phase retention within the condenser. The condenser outlet subcooling degree is thereby employed as the core characteristic parameter for quantitative diagnosis， and a standardized four-stage diagnostic procedure， including startup， coarse regulation， fine regulation， and measurement is established， with quantitative stability criteria. Cross-validation experiments covering six operating conditions and outdoor temperatures from 20 ℃ to 45 ℃ were conducted in an enthalpy difference laboratory using two multi-split units with nominal cooling capacities of 16 kW and 18 kW. The results demonstrate that， within the charge ratio range of 85%-105%， the subcooling degree exhibits a strictly monotonic increasing trend with respect to refrigerant charge. The subcooling difference between 100% and 90% charge levels remains above 6 °C across all test conditions， and this relationship remains stable across different unit models and outdoor temperatures. The diagnostic model constructed from this relationship can accurately identify refrigerant charge deviations as low as 5%， providing a reliable technical solution for online operational diagnostics and early fault warning in multi-split air-conditioning systems.

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references

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