Ice-Crystal Evolution Mechanisms in Ultrasonic Crystallization Accelerator Based on CFD-PBM Coupled Models

Wang Haifan; Tian Bo; Yu Hongxin; Shao Shuangquan

doi:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260520001

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Ice-Crystal Evolution Mechanisms in Ultrasonic Crystallization Accelerator Based on CFD-PBM Coupled Models

更新时间：2026-09-14

- Ice-Crystal Evolution Mechanisms in Ultrasonic Crystallization Accelerator Based on CFD-PBM Coupled Models
- Journal of Refrigeration Pages: 1-8(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.华中科技大学中欧清洁与可再生能源学院武汉 430074
  2. 华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院武汉 430074
- 作者简介：
  
  Shao Shuangquan， male， Ph. D.， professor， School of Energy and Power Engineering， Huazhong University of Science and Technology， 86-13520177661， E-mail： shaoshq@hust.edu.cn. Research fields： high-efficiency heat pump and environmental control technologies， physics-data hybrid-driven system modeling， intelligent control of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems， air cooling/liquid cooling and heat recovery for data centers， and integrated energy system design and optimization.
- 基金信息：
  
  the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52576012)
- DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260520001
  CLC： TB61⁺1;TB657.5
- Received：20 May 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-06-22，
  
  Accepted：14 July 2026，
  
  Online First：14 September 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王海凡，田博，于宏鑫，等. 基于计算流体力学与群体平衡耦合模型的超声波促晶器冰晶演化规律研究［J］. 制冷学报，XXXX，XX（XX）：1-8.

Wang Haifan，Tian Bo，Yu Hongxin，et al. Ice-Crystal Evolution Mechanisms in Ultrasonic Crystallization Accelerator Based on CFD-PBM Coupled Models［J］. Journal of Refrigeration，XXXX，XX（XX）：1-8.
王海凡，田博，于宏鑫，等. 基于计算流体力学与群体平衡耦合模型的超声波促晶器冰晶演化规律研究［J］. 制冷学报，XXXX，XX（XX）：1-8. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260520001.

Wang Haifan，Tian Bo，Yu Hongxin，et al. Ice-Crystal Evolution Mechanisms in Ultrasonic Crystallization Accelerator Based on CFD-PBM Coupled Models［J］. Journal of Refrigeration，XXXX，XX（XX）：1-8. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260520001.

摘要

针对超声波促晶器内过冷水相变过程不明确的问题，基于欧拉-欧拉（Euler-Euler）多相流模型、种群平衡模型（population balance model，PBM）和用户自定义函数（user-defined function，UDF），建立CFD-PBM耦合模型（computational fluid dynamics-population balance model，CFD-PBM），模拟旋流式超声波促晶器中过冷水的流动、成核与冰晶生长过程。结果表明：出口含冰率随超声功率增加先升高后趋于稳定，部分高功率工况出现小幅下降；在200~450 W范围内，较优功率随流量增加而提高。超声频率升高会增强热效应并降低出口含冰率，在20~40 kHz区间内较低频率更有利于促晶。旋流结构可延长过冷水停留时间，强化冰水混合与过冷解除。综合出口含冰率、热损失和超声传递损耗，确定较优运行参数为功率360 W、频率25 kHz。研究结果可为动态蓄冰系统中促晶器设计提供参考。

Abstract

To elucidate the phase-transition process of the supercooled water inside an ultrasonic crystallization accelerator， a coupled computational fluid dynamics-population balance model （CFD-PBM） is established by combining a Euler-Euler multiphase flow model， a population balance model （PBM）， and a user-defined function. This model is adopted to numerically simulate the fluid flow， nucleation， and ice-crystal growth within a swirling ultrasonic crystallization accelerator. The simulation results reveal that the ice volume fraction at the outlet increases firstly and then stabilizes with the increasing ultrasonic power， accompanied by a slight decline under several high-power operational conditions. At 200-450 W， the optimal ultrasonic power increases with the flow rate. Increasing the ultrasonic frequency intensifies the thermal effect while reducing the volume fraction of ice at outlet： the lower frequencies between 20 and 40 kHz are more favorable for ice crystallization. The swirling structure prolongs the residence time of supercooled water， strengthens the ice–water mixing， and accelerates the supercooling elimination. By comprehensively considering the volume fraction of ice at outlet， heat loss， and ultrasonic transmission loss， the optimal operational parameters are determined to be an ultrasonic power of 360 W and a frequency of 25 kHz. The findings of this study can provide theoretical guidelines for the structural design of crystallization accelerators in dynamic ice thermal-storage systems.

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