Numerical Simulation Study of Jet-Assisted Single-Phase Immersion Oil Cooling for Servers

Liang Ruisheng; Wei Jianjian

doi:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260417001

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Numerical Simulation Study of Jet-Assisted Single-Phase Immersion Oil Cooling for Servers

更新时间：2026-07-30

- Numerical Simulation Study of Jet-Assisted Single-Phase Immersion Oil Cooling for Servers
- Journal of Refrigeration Pages: 1-9(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.浙江大学制冷与低温研究所杭州 310027
  2. 全省制冷与低温技术重点实验室杭州 310027
- 作者简介：
  
  Wei Jianjian， male， Ph.D.， associate professor， Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics， Zhejiang University， 86-571-87953944， E-mail： weijzju@zju.edu.cn. Research fields： building ventilation， data center cooling， cryogenic heat transfer， etc.
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260417001
  CLC： TB657.5;TK124;TP308
- Received：17 April 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-05-29，
  
  Accepted：04 June 2026，
  
  Online First：30 July 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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梁瑞升，魏健健. 射流辅助单相浸没式油冷服务器的数值模拟研究［J］. 制冷学报，XXXX，XX（XX）：1-9.

Liang Ruisheng，Wei Jianjian. Numerical Simulation Study of Jet-Assisted Single-Phase Immersion Oil Cooling for Servers［J］. Journal of Refrigeration，XXXX，XX（XX）：1-9.
梁瑞升，魏健健. 射流辅助单相浸没式油冷服务器的数值模拟研究［J］. 制冷学报，XXXX，XX（XX）：1-9. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260417001.

Liang Ruisheng，Wei Jianjian. Numerical Simulation Study of Jet-Assisted Single-Phase Immersion Oil Cooling for Servers［J］. Journal of Refrigeration，XXXX，XX（XX）：1-9. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260417001.

摘要

针对单相浸没式油冷服务器中旁路流动明显、散热器通道内有效流量不足及局部热点突出的问题，本文提出前置射流辅助冷却方案，并采用数值模拟方法研究其流量重新分配与散热强化规律。研究表明，增加射流可通过局部冲击、滞止增压和卷吸作用增强散热器通道入口处的动量和流体更新能力。同时，射流比主要影响强化强度，每个GPU散热器对应的射流孔数主要影响覆盖范围与温度均匀性。综合对比可知，5孔、射流比0.8为最佳射流工况，其GPU最高温度由99.12 ℃降至82.10 ℃，温度标准差由2.54 ℃降至0.26 ℃，表现出较好的综合散热性能。

Abstract

A front-jet-assisted cooling scheme is proposed for single-phase immersion oil-cooled servers to address severe bypass flows， insufficient effective flows inside heat sink channels， and local hotspots. Numerical simulations were performed to investigate the associated flow redistribution and mechanisms for heat-transfer enhancement. The results show that introducing front jets enhanced the coolant momentum and renewal at the heat sink channel entrance through local impingement， stagnation pressurization， and entrainment. In addition， the jet flow ratio primarily governed the enhancement intensity， whereas the number of jet holes assigned to each GPU heat sink primarily affected the coverage range and temperature uniformity. Comprehensive comparison indicates that the case with five jet holes and a jet ratio of 0.8 demonstrated the best overall performance， reducing the maximum GPU temperature from 99.12 ℃ to 82.10 ℃ and the temperature standard deviation from 2.54 ℃ to 0.26 ℃.

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