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1.华东师范大学 精密光谱科学与技术高等研究院 上海 200062
2. 中国科学院理化技术研究所 低温科学与技术全国重点实验室 北京 100190
3. 中国科学院大学 北京 100049
Deng Lianzhong, male, associate professor, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, E-mail: lzdeng@phy.ecnu.edu.cn. Research fields: ultrafast optical field control of luminescence properties in rare-earth ions and their applications in nonlinear microscopic imaging, external-field manipulation of cold atoms and molecules.
Revised:2026-03-07,
Accepted:09 March 2026,
Online First:07 July 2026,
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张佳宜,邓联忠,杨浩东,等. 并行结构光学制冷器的热链接设计[J]. 制冷学报,XXXX,XX(XX):1-8.
Zhang Jiayi,Deng Lianzhong,Yang Haodong,et al. Thermal Link Design for Parallel Optical Cryocoolers[J]. Journal of Refrigeration,XXXX,XX(XX):1-8.
张佳宜,邓联忠,杨浩东,等. 并行结构光学制冷器的热链接设计[J]. 制冷学报,XXXX,XX(XX):1-8. DOI: 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260210001.
Zhang Jiayi,Deng Lianzhong,Yang Haodong,et al. Thermal Link Design for Parallel Optical Cryocoolers[J]. Journal of Refrigeration,XXXX,XX(XX):1-8. DOI: 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20260210001.
光学制冷器作为一种全固态、无振动的主动低温制冷技术,在空间探测与量子精密测量等领域具有重要应用前景。并行结构的光学制冷器能进一步提升制冷功率,满足更大热负载的需求,但由此产生的荧光额外热负载管理也成为关键挑战。本文面向并行结构光学制冷器,聚焦于其关键传热部件——热链接设计。在材料选择上,基于导热系数与热膨胀匹配性,确定了MgF
2
为热链接材料。在结构设计上,旨在通过几何光路调控与表面散射的协同作用来管理荧光,据此提出6种热链接构型。在此基础上,通过光学仿真,以荧光逃逸系数和抵达冷指端的荧光功率为量化指标,系统评估了不同结构与表面状态的影响。结果表明:提高表面粗糙度可普遍增强所有结构的荧光逃逸能力,减少额外热负载;其中,在较高粗糙度下表现最佳的几何构型,其荧光逃逸系数最低可达0.013,印证了几何设计与表面散射策略的协同有效性。本研究为并行结构光学制冷器的热链接设计提供了系统的仿真方法与明确的优化依据,对抑制荧光热负载、提升系统净制冷功率具有重要的理论和工程意义。
Objective
2
Managing the parasitic heat load caused by fluorescence is essential for improving the net cooling power of cryogenic optical refrigerators, particularly in parallel configurations. The thermal links must conduct efficient cooling while blocking the anti-Stokes fluorescence (920-1100 nm) from reaching the cold finger. This study aims to design and numerically evaluate several thermal-link geometries for an optical cryocooler with parallel configuration, focusing on maximizing the fluorescence escape capability and minimizing the parasitic heat load.
Methods
2
Six thermal‑link geometries (labeled A-F) were proposed based on two physical strategies, namely optical‑path guiding and surface‑scattering control. A three-dimensional model was developed using an optical simulation software. The model included a Yb
3+
:LLF cooling crystal as a uniform isotropic fluorescence source, an MgF
2
thermal link, and an absorbing baffle. The surfaces of the thermal links were assigned varying Lambertian scattering percentages (0-100%) to represent different roughness levels. A photodetector was placed at the cold‑finger end to quantify the escaping fluorescence energy. Performance was evalua
ted using the fluorescence escape coefficient (
<math id="M1"><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></mrow></msub></math>
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https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=112407160&type=
4.23333359
3.80999994
), defined as the ratio of detected fluorescence power to total emitted power.Results and Discussion The simulation results showed that the fluorescence escape coefficient decreased considerably as the surface roughness (Lambertian scattering percentage) increased for all geometries, confirming that the scattered light was more likely to escape laterally. Regardless of surface roughness, the F‑type geometry achieved the best performance, particularly under fully Lambertian scattering conditions (100%), and its
<math id="M2"><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></mrow></msub></math>
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https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=112407173&type=
4.23333359
3.80999994
value reached 0.013. This finding is attributed to its geometric features and surface scattering, which effectivel
y randomize the fluorescence direction and increase the optical path length, thereby maximizing lateral escape and minimizing axial transmission to the cold finger.
Conclusions
2
This study demonstrates that both geometry and surface roughness are decisive factors in controlling fluorescence propagation in thermal links for parallel optical refrigerators. An F-type geometry with a rough surface exhibited the best performance. These findings provide practical design guidelines for optimizing thermal links in high-power optical cryocoolers, contributing to improved system efficiency and expanded application potential in fields such as space instrumentation and quantum sensing.
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