Annual Energy-Carbon Characteristics and Efficiency Evaluation of an Integrated Cooling and Waste-Heat Recovery System in Data Centers

Zhou Feng; Tian Xuwen; Chen Mingfei; Peng Yanyan; Yao Kewen; Ma Guoyuan

doi:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250808003

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Annual Energy-Carbon Characteristics and Efficiency Evaluation of an Integrated Cooling and Waste-Heat Recovery System in Data Centers

更新时间：2026-03-12

- Annual Energy-Carbon Characteristics and Efficiency Evaluation of an Integrated Cooling and Waste-Heat Recovery System in Data Centers
- Journal of Refrigeration Vol. 47, Issue 1, Pages: 71-79(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京工业大学制冷与低温工程系北京 100124
  2. 中国移动通信集团设计院有限公司北京 100089
  3. 中国标准化研究院北京 100191
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52478075)
- DOI：10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250808003
  CLC： TB61⁺1;TB657.5
- CSTR：XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250808003
- Received：08 August 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-08-20，
  
  Accepted：04 September 2025，
  
  Published：16 February 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
周峰,田旭文,陈鸣飞等.数据中心冷热一体化综合系统全年能碳特性及效率评价分析[J].制冷学报,2026,47(01):71-79.

Zhou Feng,Tian Xuwen,Chen Mingfei,et al.Annual Energy-Carbon Characteristics and Efficiency Evaluation of an Integrated Cooling and Waste-Heat Recovery System in Data Centers[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2026,47(01):71-79.
周峰,田旭文,陈鸣飞等.数据中心冷热一体化综合系统全年能碳特性及效率评价分析[J].制冷学报,2026,47(01):71-79. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250808003. CSTR： XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250808003.

Zhou Feng,Tian Xuwen,Chen Mingfei,et al.Annual Energy-Carbon Characteristics and Efficiency Evaluation of an Integrated Cooling and Waste-Heat Recovery System in Data Centers[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2026,47(01):71-79. DOI： 10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20250808003. CSTR： XXXXX.XX.XXX.20250808003.

摘要

数据中心余热回收利用是当前数据中心绿色低碳化发展的关键技术路径之一，深入分析其全年能耗及碳排放，合理评价系统综合效率，对有效推动数据中心资源综合利用具有重要意义。本文针对耦合制冷的数据中心冷热一体化综合系统，从能量和碳排放2个维度提出了综合㶲效率

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=101739413&type=

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=101739400&type=

5.41866684

3.80999994

及综合碳效率

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=101739437&type=

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=101739449&type=

5.41866684

3.80999994

评价指标，并进行验证，结果表明：综合㶲效率指标可以准确评价数据中心冷热一体化综合系统的效率，其中拉萨的系统综合㶲效率达到16.58%，哈尔滨的最低，为15.39%；综合碳效率指标可以具体量化冷热一体化综合系统替代不同传统系统的实际降碳收益，根据供热方式

的不同，拉萨的系统综合碳效率可以达到3.75~4.45。本文所提的2个评价指标可以有效评估数据中心冷热一体化综合系统的余热回收利用效率并降碳收益，对推动数据中心余热利用落地实施及升级改造具有指导意义。

Abstract

Waste-heat recovery and utilization represent key technological pathways for promoting the low-carbon development of data centers. A comprehensive analysis of annual energy consumption and carbon emissions， coupled with a rational evaluation of system-level efficiency， is essential for advancing the integrated utilization of data-center resources. This study focuses on an integrated cooling and waste-heat recovery system in data centers and proposes two evaluation indicators from the perspectives of energy and carbon emissions： general exergy efficiency，

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=101739413&type=

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=101739400&type=

5.41866684

3.80999994

and general carbon efficiency，

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=101739437&type=

https://html.publish.founderss.cn/rc-pub/api/common/picture?pictureId=101739449&type=

5.41866684

3.80999994

. The proposed indicators are validated using simulation data. The results indicate that the general exergy efficiency metric effectively evaluates data center integrated systems. Specifically， the system in Lhasa achieves the highest general exergy efficiency of 29.27%， whereas the lowest general exergy efficiency （23.65 %） is observed in Harbin. The general carbon efficiency indicator enables a quantitative assessment of the carbon-reduction potential achieved by replacing conventional heating systems integrated with data centers. Depending on the type of displaced traditional heating technology used， the general carbon efficiency in Lhasa ranges from 3.75 to 4.45. Overall， the proposed evaluation framework provides a robust and rational basis for assessing the operational efficiency and carbon-mitigation potential of data center integrated systems， offering valuable guidance for their practical deployment and retrofitting in modern data centers.

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references

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