| 摘要: |
| CO2制冷剂及跨临界循环模式以其环境友好性、高温制热性、低环境温度适应性、全工况范围高效性等众多优势成为制冷领域中最热门的研究课题之一。本文分别讨论了跨临界CO2制冷或热泵技术在车辆空调、建筑采暖与热水供应、烘干产业、商超冷链等行业中的发展现状，基于发展现状总结并预测了跨临界CO2技术的未来发展趋势。CO2制冷技术在车辆热管理领域发展前景广阔，制热能力明显优于采用R134a、R407C、R1234yf等制冷剂的方案，但制冷性能及整车综合热管理技术还有待进一步研究提升；在建筑采暖与热水供应领域，跨临界CO2技术的开发已较为完备，针对不同的温度需求有不同的结构优化方案，下一步研究将主要针对现有成熟技术的产业化而开展；烘干产业中的跨临界CO2技术正在快速进步的过程中，虽然分布式小型烘干设备的新能源化改造任重道远，但节能与环保优势显著的跨临界CO2技术仍具备优异的推广前景；跨临界CO2技术在商超冷链中的Booster技术已较为成熟，优良的节能环保优势也进一步将该技术推向冰雪场馆制冷领域，在该领域中跨临界CO2技术的冷热综合应用将是下一阶段的主要研究方向。喷射器、涡流管、膨胀机等压力能回收技术的深入研究是提升系统能效的重要方法，而智能控制技术是跨临界CO2系统实时性能优化的必要保障，这两方面将成为下一阶段跨临界CO2技术研究的主要任务。 |
| 关键词: 跨临界CO2技术 汽车空调 热泵热水器 热泵烘干 商超冷链 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2020-12-02 修订日期：2021-01-12
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| 基金项目: |
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| Review of Transcritical CO2 Vapor Compression Technology in Refrigeration and Heat Pump |
| Song Yulong,Wang Haidan,Yin Xiang,Feng Cao |
| (School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University) |
| Abstract: |
| The CO2 transcritical refrigeration system has become one of the most popular research topics in the refrigeration field owing to its numerous advantages such as environmental friendliness, excellent heating performance, low-ambient-temperature adaptability, and full range of working conditions. In this paper, the development status of transcritical CO2 refrigeration or heat pump technology in vehicle air conditioning, building heating and hot water supply, drying industry, commercial cooling chain, and other industries is discussed. Based on the development status, this paper also summarizes and presents a prediction on the future development trend of the transcritical CO2 technology. The CO2 refrigeration technology has a bright future in the field of vehicle thermal management. Its heating performance is higher than those of R134A, R407C, R1234yf, and other systems. However, its cooling performance should be further improved. For the application of building heating and hot water supply, the development of the transcritical CO2 technology has been relatively completed. Different structural optimization schemes have been proposed for different temperature requirements. The next step of the research will mainly focus on the industrialization of the existing mature technology. Additionally, although the transformation of distributed small-scale drying equipment into a new energy version has yet to be achieved, the transcritical CO2 technology, which has significant advantages in energy saving and environmental protection, has excellent promotion prospects in the field of heat-pump dryers. In addition, because of the mature state in the commercial cold chain field, its excellent energy conservation and environmental protection advantages will further advance the technology into the refrigeration field of ice-making and snow production in stadiums. In this new field, the integrated application of cooling and heating effects of the transcritical CO2 technology will be the main research direction in the next stage. In-depth research on pressure energy recovery technologies such as ejectors, vortex tubes, and expanders is an important means to improve the system energy efficiency. An intelligent control technology is necessary for real-time performance optimization of transcritical CO2 systems. These two aspects will become the main tasks of the transcritical CO2 technology research in the next stage. |
| Key words: transcritical CO2 technology automobile air conditioner heat pump water heater heat pump drying commercial refrigeration technology |
